ПРИЕМЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РАБОТЫ СИМБИОТИЧЕСКОГО АППАРАТА НУТА ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ В СТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЕ ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Abstract

The results of the period 2011-2016 are presented. field experiments to improve the technology of cultivation of chickpea in the steppe zone of the Volga region. The purpose of the research was to improve the methods of increasing the efficiency of the symbiotic apparatus of chickpea when grown in the steppe zone of the Volga region. The climate of the research zone is arid. The soil of the experimental field of the Saratov State Agrarian University is southern medium loamy chernozem containing 3.5-4.0% of humus in the arable horizon. The soil of the experimental field of the Krasnokutsk SOS is chestnut, heavy loamy with a content of 2.8-3.0% of humus in the arable horizon. In the studies carried out, a different effect of mineral fertilizers, biological products and growth stimulants on the symbiotic process in chickpea crops and the provision of plants with biological nitrogen was revealed. The highest symbiotic productivity was distinguished by agrocenoses created with the use of a specialized bacterial preparation, rhizotorfin, in the pre-sowing treatment of chickpea seeds. At the same time, on the chernozems of the southern steppe zone of the Volga region, the highest indicators in the number and weight of nodules were noted when using rhizotorfin against the second background of mineral nutrition, where phosphorus fertilizers were used at a dose of P30 - 31.5 pcs. and 318.4 mg. per 1 plant in the chickpea flowering phase. On the chestnut soils of the steppe zone of the Volga region, in order to increase the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of chickpea, it is necessary to jointly use rhizotorfin for pre-sowing seed treatment and to apply mineral fertilizers at a dose of N20P30 before sowing - against this background, on the roots of one chickpea plant in the flowering phase, the largest number and the highest mass of nodules were formed - respectively 33 , 8 pcs. and 140.7 g. Assessment of the safety of the symbiotic potential by the middle of the phase of bean formation in comparison with the flowering phase made it possible to reveal that if 58.8% of live nodules and 40.9% of the treatment of seeds and crops of chickpea preserved respectively 75.5 and 80.4 %% of live nodules and 56.8 and 60.6% of the mass of nodules. As a result of the studies, it was found that the use of siliplant microfertilizer-stimulator and zircon growth stimulator contributes to a longer work of the active symbiotic apparatus of chickpea. In general, the studies have shown that in the region of the arid steppe Volga region, where the level of productivity of agricultural crops, the use of biological products and growth stimulants at a low cost of their use should be widely used in modern resource-saving cultivation technologies.