ВІД БИТВ НА КОЛІСНИЦЯХ ДО МОРСЬКИХ ЗАВОЮВАНЬ: ВІЙСЬКОВІ СЦЕНИ НА СТІНАХ ХРАМІВ ТА ГРОБНИЦЬ ДОБИ НОВОГО ЦАРСТВА

Abstract

This article examines the military scenes depicted on the walls of New Kingdom temples and tombs, specifically those belonging to the pharaohs Thutmose III, female pharaoh Hatshepsut, Tutankhamun, Ramses III, and Seti I. The author examines the artistic features, composition, and symbolism of these images, as well as their historical and political significance. Through an analysis of these military scenes, the article seeks to shed light on the political, social, and religious functions of the pharaohs’ military campaigns, as well as their impact on ancient Egyptian society. These scenes often depict military campaigns, battles, and triumphs, as well as offerings made to the gods in gratitude for victory. Some scenes depicted the pharaoh defeating foreign enemies in order to protect Egypt and maintain Ma’at, the ancient Egyptian concept of order and balance in the universe. One example of such scenes can be found in the Temple of Karnak, which features a relief showing King Seti I leading a procession of soldiers in tribute to the gods. Another example is the depiction of the Battle of Kadesh, fought between the Egyptians and the Hittites, which can be seen in the Temple of Abu Simbel. The study draws on a range of primary and secondary sources, including archaeological data, textual evidence, and art historical analysis, to provide a comprehensive examination of these important historical artefacts. Ultimately, the article argues that the military scenes found in New Kingdom temples and tombs offer valuable insights into the ways in which the pharaohs projected their power and authority, and how they sought to legitimize their rule through both military might and religious symbolism. Overall, the military scenes on the walls of temples of the era of the New Kingdom offer a fascinating glimpse into the culture and values of ancient Egypt.