СВІТОГЛЯДНО-ПОНЯТІЙНІ ТА НАУКОВО- ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ БЕЗПЕКОВОЇ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ В СТАРОДАВНЬОМУ СВІТІ

Abstract

The security problem is relevant in any historical period, especially it has recently become extremely popular and is so widely used that it is often impossible to identify the nature and limits of applying the basic components of the concepts and categories in this context. Therefore, there is a need to specify the essence and content of the philosophical understanding of the security problem on the basis of the retrospective analysis of worldview and discursive, scientific and theoretical foundations of security issues in the Ancient World. The worldview and discursive, scientific and theoretical aspects of security issues in the Ancient World have been comprehensively studied in the article on the basis of the latest achievements of theoretical and legal science and other related scientific disciplines. Political and legal thought of the Ancient East stimulated the development of security issues in the context of general ideas about the correlation of terrestrial and extraterrestrial forces for the arrangement of the social organism, in political genesis and orthogenesis, as well as in the context of ideas about the correlation of the individual, society and state. The Ancient Eastern political and legal thought does not know the separation of public security from the state security: the issue of state, but not public or individual security is the primary scope of considerations of political and legal nature under the dominance of the Ancient Eastern despotism as the predominant form of government, which «absorbs» society and completely subordinates both public and private life to total control and supervision by the bureaucratic state apparatus. It has been concluded that the value of security as a social phenomenon is perceived and articulated first through close in content terms denoting peace, tranquility, stability, order, prosperity, justice, absence of hostilities, prosperity of society, etc. Security issues within the Ancient Eastern political and legal thought in general has come a long and very difficult way – from the first intuitions and «enlightments» to extensive considerations on the individual, society and state’s security matters. Thus, the foundations were laid for the gradual enrichment of this discourse in terms of the ancient political and legal thought, which was largely the successor of the Ancient Eastern political and legal cogitative traditions.