ДУХОВНІСТЬ: СУТНІСТЬ, ІСТОРИЧНІ ВИТОКИ ТА СУЧАСНИЙ ВИМІР

Abstract

Nowadays, the problem of spirituality remains relevant and significant for socio-humanitarian knowledge, both in scientific-theoretical and in applied dimension. There are still open questions related to the morphology of the phenomenon of spirituality, its indicators in the real activity of individuals and the expansion of the axiosphere of modern society.On the basis of the development of the problem of spirituality within the boundaries of philosophical knowledge, as well as the use of basic methods of philosophical analysis, the goal of the article is to analyze the axiological orientation of spirituality and, based on the essential characteristics of this phenomenon, to predict structural changes in the strategy of modern higher education.It is indicated that spirituality is prefaced by the activity of consciousness, the ability of a person to reflect, which makes it possible to remain an individual, being among others.Spirituality, as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, as a unique manifestation of human existence, exists on three levels. The first is rational. It is an information and intellectual resource, where knowledge about the world around us and the place of the person in it is generalized. The second level – emotional, contains a complex of feelings and experiences; and the third – a communicative level, summarizes skills, behavioral stereotypes, norms of actions and deeds, due to which social interaction is carried out.It is noted that the origins of the spiritual culture go back into the epoch of the early Middle Ages, when the biblical commandments and teachings were regarded as those that should be implemented. They pointed to the laudable traits of character and actions, which even now are a sign of a high spiritual culture of a person: modesty, prudence, restraint, hard work, etc. With the spread of the biblical texts, the commandments and instructions acquired further verbal design, partially or completely losing religious content, becoming universal methods of communication and indicators of the spiritual culture of modern man. At present, they affect the adaptation of man to society, the forms of upbringing, education and enlightenment.It is noted that the strategy of higher education in Ukraine is based on the priorities of historical memory, aimed at preserving the spiritual values of the Ukrainians. It is noted that in this complex process of tradition, they are constantly transmitted, innovations are transformed into traditions, acquiring sustainability, accumulating in themselves the needs, interests and values of people.