БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКИХ ВИДОВ СОСНЫ ПРИ ИНТРОДУКЦИИ В ПРИМОРСКОМ КРАЕ

Abstract

In the Primorsky Territory, the economic use of introduced species of conifers is poorly developed. Local species are traditionally preferred in forestry and gardening. The objects for the cultivation of introduced coniferous species can be recreational forests, forest park zones and areas of landscaping of settlements. This will increase the biodiversity of existing natural and artificial plantations and enhance their aesthetic appeal. The aim of the research is to summarize the material on the results of the introduction of European pine species in the arboretum of the Mountain Taiga Station. The rhythm of seasonal development of Pinus mugo Turra, p. hamata D. Sosn., p. pallasiana Lamb. The local species -p was taken as a control. koraiensis Siebold et Zucc. The main climatic indicators of natural areas of pine trees are analyzed. The similarities and differences of these indicators with the climate of Primorsky Krai were revealed. Natural ranges of Pinus mugo, p. hamata., p. pallasiana. characterized by a warmer climate compared to the Primorsky Territory. Theoretically, there may be a danger of freezing of buds and shoots in these species in years with a high value of negative temperatures. However, during the observation period, we did not notice signs of freezing of buds or shoots. All three pine species, when introduced to the Primorsky Territory, may experience tension in seasonal development due to insufficient heat. This is reflected in the lengthening of the growing season in comparison with local coniferous species. All species in the arboretum have reached reproductive age and are in good health. Biometric parameters of pine species under conditions of introduction generally correspond to similar sizes in their natural range. The exception is narrower needles at the place of introduction near the river. mugo. The length and width of the cones of the three pine species in the arboretum are within the indicated sizes in their natural habitat. Moreover, the average length of the cones p. pallasiana under conditions of introduction is at the lower limit of fluctuations in this parameter at home. The width of the cones r. mugo – at the upper border. The rhythm of seasonal development of introduced pines corresponds to the annual dynamics of the climate in the conditions of Primorsky Krai. Calendar dates of phenological phenomena are close to the local species p. koraiensis Siebold et Zucc. All plants complete the growing season at favorable times relative to the period with stable frosts. The relationship between the duration of shoot growth and the size of their annual growth is not traced. The lowest growth rate is characterized by p. mugo, greatest p. koraiensis. Pinus mugo, p. hamata., p. pallasiana can be recommended for increasing the biodiversity of recreational forests, forest parks and green areas in settlements.