平安宮常寧殿の建築について : 仁寿殿と常寧殿の平面形態

Abstract

Jyonei-den, located in the center of Kou-kyu, was primarily built for the Empress's private life in the Heian-Dairi. At the beginning of the Heian period Jyonei-den was used as a building for the Empress's or Empress Dowager's private life, and the Emperor very rarely took his residence at Jyonei-den. After the reign of the Emperor Daigo, however, Kouki-den or Hikyo-sha took the place of Jyonei-den as a building for the Empress's or Empress Dowager's private life. Jyonei-den rebuilt in the middle and late Heian period was used mainly as Gosechi-dokoro. The form of Jyonei-den in the early Heian period seems to have been comparatively well followed by those rebuilt in the middle and late Heian period. The original Jyonei-den was built on the platform. Its main building, 9 ken in keta-yuki and 4 ken in hari-yuki in plane size, had Mago-bisashi on the south side or on both the north and south sides. This style of Jyonei-den was nearly followed by those rebuilt in 961, 1100 and 1157. As for the construction of the interior space of Jyonei-den in the early Heian period, Hino-omashimicho was placed in the east section of Moya (the main part of the building) with the central bay, or Gaku-no-ma. Yoru-no-otodo is supposed to have been placed in the west section of the main building. This style of construction of the interior space was followed by Jyonei-den rebuilt in 961. When Jyonei-den in the Heian-Dairi was rebuilt in 981, Me-do (a corridor) was made to run through the Gaku-no-ma, the center of Jyonei-den, north and south. From the records in those days it has come to be proved that on the west side of Me-do Jyonei-den had a room called Nuri-gome in which Cho-dai was laid for the purpose of Chodai-no-kokoromi on Go-sechi, and that another Cho-dai was set in the section of Moya on the east side of Me-do. These can safely be considered to have transmitted Yoru-no-otodo (Nuri-gome), Yoruno-otodo-chodai, and Hino-omashi-chodai, with which Jyonei-den was furnished at the beginning of the Heian period. From the description of Unzu-shou and Kouke-shidai, it is also comfirmed that Jyonei-den rebuilt in 1100 followed this style of construction of the interior space. From the facts mentioned above, it may be said that we can know much about the original form of Jyonei-den from the plan described in Unzu-shou. Especially it would be worthy of note that the room, 3 ken in keta-yuki and 4 ken in hari-yuki, on the west of Me-do in that plan is much alike in form to the central large room of Jijuden in Heian Dairi, and supposed to have taken over the form of Yoru-no-otodo of Jyonei-den in the early Heian period.