СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОДХОДОВ К ОЦЕНКЕ ОЖИДАЕМОЙ ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЗДОРОВОЙ ЖИЗНИ

Abstract

Significance. Healthy life expectancy is a group of indicators that allows to estimate how long a person will live with “good” health given the current level of mortality and health of the population. The relevance of the calculation and assessment of healthy life expectancy is conditioned, among other things, by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 07.05.2024 N 309 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 and prospects until 2036” - by 2030, it is planned to achieve “outpacing growth of healthy life expectancy indicators”, i.e. to reduce the difference between healthy life expectancy and life expectancy. The purpose of the study is to review the methods of calculating healthy life expectancy, sources of data on healthy life expectancy in Russia and the world, and a brief analysis of the dynamics in healthy life expectancy in Russia. Material and Methods. Literature sources and databases were studied to analyze the calculation methods and existing estimates of healthy life expectancy. Literature sources were searched in PubMed and eLibrary databases, and data - on the websites of the World Health Organization, Global Burden of Disease, Eurostat, “Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System”. Results. One of the two main methods is usually chosen to estimate healthy life expectancy: the widely used Sullivan formula (cross-sectional analysis) and the less frequently used multistatus table method (longitudinal analysis). There are also various methods of defining “good” health: self-rated health or presence or absence of limitations or diseases. From 1990 to 2019, healthy life expectancy increased globally and in Russia; in Russia, there was a decline in healthy life expectancy during the Covid-19 pandemic, followed by a steady recovery afterwards. Conclusion. Healthy life expectancy in research and in public administration has not been as widely used as life expectancy, which is probably a consequence of the peculiarities of the methodology for calculating the indicator and its sensitivity not only to the objective parameter of mortality. However, being an integral indicator, healthy life expectancy can provide information on the “quality” of life expectancy growth.