Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a 100 kPa soil tensiometer mainly consisted of a porous ceramic cup, water-holding tube, and a digital vacuum gauge, through theoretical design analysis and experimental performance evaluation. Major findings were as follows. 1. Theoretical analysis showed that air entry value of a porous media decreased as the maximum effective size of the pore increased, and the maximum diameter of the pores was <TEX>$2.9\;{\mu}m$</TEX> for measuring up a 100 kPa of soil-water tension. 2. Property analysis of tensiometer porous cups supplied in Korean domestic market indicated that main components were <TEX>$SiO_2$</TEX> and <TEX>$Al_2O_3$</TEX> with a porosity range of <TEX>$33.8{\sim}49.3%$</TEX>. 3. The porous cup selected through sample fabrication and air-permeability tests showed weight ratios of 87% and 11% for <TEX>$Al_2O_3$</TEX> and <TEX>$SiO_2$</TEX>. The analysis of SEM (scanning electron microscope) images showed that the sample was sintered at temperatures of about <TEX>$1150^{\circ}C$</TEX>, which consisted of pores with sizes of up to 25% of those for commercial porous cups. 4. The prototype soil tensiometer was fabricated using the developed porous cup and a digital vacuum gauge that could measure water tension with a pressure of 85 kPa in air tests. 5. In-soil tests of the prototype conducted during a period of 25-day drying showed that soil-water tension values measured with the prototype and commercial units were not significantly different, and soil-water characteristic curves could be established for different soils, confirming accuracy and stability of the prototype.
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