현대 중국어의 정형과 비정형 연구

Abstract

There are the concept of finiteness and non-finiteness in languages. some grammatical category exist in a explicit form, some grammatical category exist in a potential form. Italian type language decide them as tense and agreement, verb tense and inflection status are especially an important elements. in case of Chinese, its verb doesn"t be inflected, and then use various elements and syntactic means, it embodies the tense or makes it appear through the semantic category. this paper we suppose there is the concept of finiteness and non-finiteness in Chinese, according to the generation grammar"s theory, we tried to study principles and parameters of them in detail, we came to the following conclusions.<BR> According to Morphological Uniformity Principle, a predicate verb doesn"t be inflected, it is different from Italian type language. verb is only used side by side after being duplicated, and we add postposition or complement behind the verb. we appear tense after using time information marker and several elements. we mainly use time adverb, temporal noun in front of predicate, and we use postposition behind predicate. some sentences don"t use time information marker, they form a sentence, they mean objective truth or the present of things. the standard of judgement are Morphological Uniformity Principle, time information marker status, null subject pro in the finite sentence. pro-drop is the feature of Italian type language, pro appear in the subject position of finite sentences. on the contrary to this, when we judge non-finite sentences, its verb isn"t a major predicate, they don"t have any time information marker. and null subject PRO appear in the subject position of non-finite sentences. the sentence of finite feature have time adverb and temporal noun, they are located in front of predicate, it was used for Adjunct, the Adjunct of finite sentence was added to maximal projection, Adjunct was projected in TP, vP, VP. according to Adjunct Projection Principle, it can"t be added to argument NP or CP. Adjunct is generated in surface structure, it doesn"t need to move position, it is merged into the left in tree diagram, a predicate verb mean action, it is a light verb, it constrains the meaning of predicate verb materialize, we can project this like paper 〈picture2〉. when it is non-finite sentence, null subject PRO appear in front of predicate V, it has same indices with subject.<BR> Time information marker is used for Adjunct, we add postposition behind of predicate verb, null subject PRO is used according to sentence feature, this facts are the sole phenomenon of chinese, it is the parameter of language. we need to modify the definition of finiteness and non-finiteness in generative grammar.the negative color of the latter.