СТРУКТУРА МИКОКОМПЛЕКСОВ ФИЛЛОПЛАНЫ БОБОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР

Abstract

The importance of legumes as a component of biological crop rotations dictates the need to study the species composition of microscopic fungi in the phylloplan and to determine the presence of phytopathogenic, toxigenic, allergenic and opportunistic species in mycocomplexes. The aim was to study the structure of mycocomplexes of the phylloplan of cultivated peanuts, cowpea, sowing vetch, varicoloured clover, creeping clover, alfalfa, and hornbeam. The isolation of fungi from the phylloplan was carried out by washing from the leaf surface in 4 replicates. The prepared samples were transferred to Petri dishes with Saburo media. The experiment was repeated 3-5 times. The cultures were incubated in a thermostat at 25 ± 2 ºС for 5-14 days. The grown colonies were seeded into a test tube on an oblique nutrient medium. From the leaf surface of the studied legumes, 17 genera were identified, represented by 31 species of fungi, which are grouped according to the frequency of occurrence of species in the complex and the proportion in the group. A high proportion of A. alternata fungi was characteristic of the mycocomplexes of leaves of the common vetch, varicoloured elm, creeping clover, and alfalfa. F. sporotrichioides was found on creeping clover and alfalfa, F. moniliforme was found on horned clover, and both species were found on radiant cowpea. The content of toxigenic, opportunistic and allergenic species of fungi is least of all revealed under annual species: cultivated peanuts and radiant cowpea. The species composition of the phylloplan of leguminous crops should be taken into account in the development of plant protection measures and taking into account their correct placement in crop rotations.