Abstract
This review analyzes changes in the composition of breast milk observed in obese women compared to those with normal weight. The maternal diet primarily affects the level of fat and leptin in breastmilk. It is the level of leptin in breastmilk that differs significantly between obese and non-obese women within the first month after childbirth. The psychological status of the mother was shown to affect the composition of macronutrients, immune components, and hormones in breastmilk. Breastfeeding is critical for the development of an infant's gut microbiota and maturation of its immune system. The analysis of breastmilk composition has a practical value, because it helps to develop infant formulas the composition of which is close to breastmilk. Key words: maternal obesity, breastmilk, gut microbiota, composition, vitamin D metabolism, genetic polymorphism
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