Abstract
Purpose: lexical and semantic interpretation of Arabic and Persian loanwords in the Karachay-Balkar language. Methods: a descriptive method that allows us to present the basic semasiological characteristics of borrowed arabisms and persiisms in a synchronic aspect. An oppositional analysis that makes it possible to distinguish lexical oppositions of identity, equipolent, privative type, and others focused on the functional features of various words. Contextual analysis that involves clarifying the semantics of certain classes of tokens. Results: based on the analysis of the factual material of the Karachay-Balkar language, arabisms and persiisms were identified, which in the recipient language expand their meanings and become polysemantic. Lexical and lexical-grammatical homonyms that form two -, three -, and four-term models of homonymic series of various partial-part belonging are presented. Absolute and partial, multi-root and single-root synonyms are defined, including the dominant synonymous series. The taxonomy of antonyms with foreign language origin is carried out. Scientific novelty: the article is the first to systematically study the basic semasiological characteristics of Arabic and Persian loanwords in the Karachay-Balkar language using the methods of structural linguistics. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering problems related to the identification and linguistic description of arabisms and persiisms that function in the lexical system of the Karachay-Balkar language.
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