Фенотипическая пластичность макрофагов воспаления при саркоидозе и туберкулезе легких

Abstract

Pulmonary macrophages form a heterogenous population of mononuclear cells, which provides systemic defense of an organ from any impairments of structural homeostasis. Functional mobilization of pulmonary macrophages is especially expressed in the development of granulomatous reactions, differentiation of circulating monocytes in pro-inflammatory macrophages, which play the key role in the progression and reparation of inflammatory processes. Phenotypic plasticity of these cells in the context of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and developing epithelioid cell granuloma genesis like in pulmonary TB or sarcoidosis represent an important area of research. The present review includes long-term ownstudies of phenotypic plasticity of pulmonary macrophages in TB or sarcoidosis. Biomarkers for verification and differential diagnosis of these diseases have been described. Structural and functional features of the M1 and M2 phenotypes, which differ in the expression of surface markers and cytokine production, were established. It was demonstrated that the M1 phenotype with hypersecretion of epithelioid cells prevailed in pulmonary sarcoidosis patients while the mixed phenotype with active secretion and phagocytosis, i.e. M1/M2 with the predominant M2 phenotype, was typical for disseminated pulmonary TB patients.