Abstract
The article substantiates the methodical principles of determining the efficiency of innovative activity in agricultural enterprises. It is emphasized that the technology of introducing innovations into the activities of agricultural enterprises should be considered as a sequence of four stages: development of innovations, their validation, reconstruction and implementation. Two main approaches to the evaluation of performance indicators are distinguished: dynamic (discounting methods), which take into account the different value of money over time– net discounted income; internal discount rate, profitability index; static (simple) methods that do not take into account the principle of the time value of money – profitability indicators; investment payback period; rate of return on investment. For a complete analysis of the effectiveness of innovative activities in agricultural enterprises, it is proposed to divide the process of evaluating the effectiveness of innovative projects into the following stages: First stage – innovative projects are evaluated by non-economic indicators. Each indicator is subject to expert risk assessment, and even risk assessment taking into account the weight of the indicator. With the help of expert evaluations, the cost factor of each indicator is found. Based on the results of the examination, the risk level of the innovative project is determined. The advantage of this approach is a combination of technological and strategic aspects, as well as simplification of the assessment in conditions of uncertainty of science-intensive innovative projects. The second stage is to evaluate projects using the method of real options, using the tree of project uncertainty modeling events. The third stage is to calculate the economic efficiency of the project using the method of cash flow discounting (NPV, IRR, PI, DPP indicators). The fact that the introduction of innovations in agriculture is related to the cultivation of new varieties is emphasized as the methodological basis of the research. crop production, cattle breeding, production of equipment, new energy-saving technologies, etc. Therefore, innovative activity in agricultural enterprises is implemented in three directions: innovations in the field of the human factor; innovations in the field of biological factors; innovations in the field of technological factors.
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