Транспортное обеспечение ресурсных отраслей Дальнего Востока на современном этапе

Abstract

The resource industries are traditionally the basis of the Far-Eastern economy. Their functioning and development largely depends on transport. The subject of this article is study of the processes of transport service of the macro-region resource segment at the present stage. The purpose of the work is to analyze the key changes in the transport provision of the resource sector during 2022. There are two segments of transport services that differ in scale: at the level of individual companies and at the level of the macro-region as a whole. At the micro level of companies, transport processes are determined by the type of extracted resource (wood, ore, etc.), the scheme of production processes, and the configuration of the system of relations with suppliers and customers. The article considers the transport support of one of the largest companies in the resource sector operating in the Far East – AC Alrosa (PJSC). The features of transport support for the supply of material and technical resources, the production and marketing process for this company are shown. At the level of the macro-region, relatively “traditional” and new problems of transport services for resource industries can be distinguished. The former include ensuring the availability of deposits that are promising for economic development and the shortage of carrying capacity of the infrastructure in the east of the country. New transport services problems are formed under the influence of geopolitical conditions in 2022. These include: a change in the direction of Russia's foreign trade flows; the intensified competition of shippers for the infrastructure of the transport complex of the Far-Eastern federal district; changing institutional conditions in railway transport; an increase in freight rates. The dynamics of parameters of interaction between the transport and resource industries affects the basis of economic system of the Far East. The ongoing geopolitical changes increase the degree of uncertainty in the conditions of national economy. It is necessary to evaluate carefully consequences of the decisions made, including changes in the transport tariffs.