Баухауз і мистецтво кераміки ХХ століття (до питання стильової еволюції української порцеляни та фаянсу)

Abstract

An attempt is made in the article to trace the revolutionary influence of the ideological program of the German Bauhaus An attempt is made in the article to trace the revolutionary influence of the ideological program of the German Bauhaus school (1919–1932) on the art of ceramics, to show the general historical, social and political contexts, the change of the cultural and artistic paradigm in European art after the First World War and to mark some points of contact in the cultural and artistic processes of Western Europe and Ukraine in the first half of the 20th century. The purpose of this article is to highlight the history and achievements of the ceramic workshop of this school, the theoretical foundations of its activity, the highlight the history and achievements of the ceramic workshop of this school, the theoretical foundations of its activity, the organization of the educational process, which are not too well known to Ukrainian researchers. The school has practiced are volutionary method of teaching artists and designers whose task is to create a harmonious living space for a person, which contributes to the spread of functionalism. In the 1920s and 1930s the formation of a national style in the art of Ukrainian ceramics has taken place due to the interaction of two factors – the folk pottery tradition and the innovative influences of European stylistic trends. Mezhyhiria Artistic Ceramic Technical College has become one of the centers of this development. Its program is similar to the Bauhaus program in many aspects. An attempt to reveal some common approaches in the organization of work of two educational institutions and their significance in the formation of the modernist stylistics of ceramic art, in particular porcelain and earthenware of the mid-20th century is made.