Постковидный синдром: частота, клинический спектр и проблемы для амбулаторной службы

Abstract

According to the criteria, post-COVID syndrome is a condition in which a patient’s symptoms persist for more than three weeks after being diagnosed with COVID-19. The article analyzes the current data on post-COVID syndrome with an emphasis on clinical manifestations, as well as on the problems associated with its treatment by primary health care professionals. The incidence of post-COVID syndrome is estimated at 10–35%, while for hospitalized patients it can reach 85%. Fatigue is the most common symptom, occurring in 17.5–72% of cases, followed by residual dyspnea (10–40%). Mental problems, chest pain, and olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions can affect up to 26%, 22% and 11% of patients, respectively. Published data indicate that more than a third of patients with post-COVID syndrome already had comorbidities, of which hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common. It has also been reported that the prognosis is good for most patients with post-COVID syndrome, with no further complications or deaths. Given the clinical spectrum of patients with post-COVID syndrome, most of them will be treated by primary health care professionals who play a key role in the management of patients with this syndrome. As the long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain largely unclear, further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis, clinical spectrum and prognosis of post-COVID syndrome.