Развитие зернового комплекса России: стратегический аспект

Abstract

In recent years, Russia has increased grain production and exports in an unprecedented manner, especially in the 2022/2023 agricultural year. Despite the huge potential demand for grain, according to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the profitability of grain production due to Western sanctions decreased in 2022 compared to 2021 almost twice. In order to increase the economic efficiency of grain production and processing, the article examines the dynamics of the implementation of the «Long-term strategy for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035» (hereinafter Strategy-2035), its external environment, the main indicators of the world grain market and the leading grain-producing regions of the country, the global systemic crisis. A set of measures to improve efficiency and competitiveness is proposed based on the consistent implementation of the Strategy-2035, which provides for the creation of grain clusters: the formation of a system of grain clusters will solve a complex of problems of the development of grain farming (from production to export of grain and its processed products). Creating clusters by trial and error, without having a target model of an effective cluster, is very expensive. It is necessary to design clusters based on their adaptive model with predefined efficiency properties, the presence of a set of positive feedbacks.