ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ТВЕРДОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗОНЕ ЧЕРНОЗЕМА ЮЖНОГО НИЖНЕ-ВОЛЖСКОГО РЕГИОНА

Abstract

The experience and economic analysis made it possible to establish new elements of technological methods for increasing the yield of grain crops, which are economically more profitable. It has been economically proven that modern varieties of durum wheat against the background of the use of biofertilizers are more rational than the traditional application of mineral nutrition, the cost of which is several orders of magnitude higher than the cost of biofertilizers. The object of research was zoned varieties of durum wheat, recommended for the 9th region and promising varieties, which were distinguished not only by high plasticity and adaptability to arid conditions, but also had a positive effect on the course of soil microbiological processes. Materials and methods. The field experiment was started in 2018…2022. in the KFH "Eliseev A.N", located in the chernozem zone of the southern Mikhailovsky district of the Volgograd region. The subject of the study was the variety of hard spring wheat Krasnokutka 13 and winter wheat - Aksinit with the processing of seed material with biofertilizers and the application of mineral fertilizers under the given yield levels (2.0 t/ha; 4.0 and 6.0 t/ha). Results and conclusions. A five-year experience has shown that the calculated norms of mineral nutrition are quite competitive with new types of biofertilizers. With less expensive funds for their purchase, they are able to bring the yield up to 2.14 t/ha (variety Krasnokutka 13) on crops of spring durum wheat, and up to 3.84 t/ha on winter durum wheat (variety Aksinit) using Gumi biofertilizer 20. The economic component obtained by calculation indicates that the fundamental indicator of profitability on the control variant of the Krasnokutka 13 variety was 45%, on the corresponding variant of the Aksinit variety - 262%. Seed treatment with Gumi 20 biofertilizer on variety Krasnorkutka 13 led to an increase in profitability up to 167%. Its maximum values were noted in the variety Aksinit on the variant with the treatment with Gumi 20 biofertilizer and amounted to 329%.