САНИТАРНО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПОДРОСТКОВ: ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА, ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ

Abstract

In modern conditions, there is an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among all age groups and high rates of adolescent suicides. The purpose of the study is to assess the sanitary-epidemiological and psychological well-being of adolescents studying in various educational institutions. The object of the study was 100 girls and 100 boys aged 15-18 years, studying in general education schools and col-leges. The study used hygienic, sociological, clinical, follow-up and statistical methods. The assessment of the conditions and organization of training in the schools surveyed allowed them to be classified as optimally acceptable, and in colleges – to potentially dangerous, and to predict in the latter the formation of morphofunctional deviations in adolescents. Various forms of mental disorders were revealed in 67.5 % of the surveyed patients. A significant part (36 %) of them were made up of painful conditions, 16 % of them – neurotic reactions, 20 % – pathocharacter reactions. Actually, neuroses were revealed in 20 % of surveyed patients. There was found a significant prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents in colleges – 82 %, compared to schools – 53 % due to pathocharacter reactions. Pathocharacterological and accented personal characteristics are the most important predictors of mental disorders. From them are formed risk groups, which should be in the sphere of attention of medical and pedagogical workers of educational organizations. The features of the formation of mental disorders in adolescents require pri-mary and secondary psychoprophylaxis in these groups.