АКТИВНЫЕ ФОРМЫ КИСЛОРОДА В КЛЕТКАХ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

Abstract

The data on toxic and signaling properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells of blood vessels are presented in this review. High concentrations of ROS are naturally characteristic properties of so-called professional phagocytes, the cells of innate immunity, whereas in other cells, the high concentrations of ROS is a sign of oxidative stress. At the same time, low concentrations of ROS are permanently generated in almost all the cells of an organism and perform signaling functions as the secondary messengers in redoxsensitive signaling pathways. Vascular endothelium plays a very important role in maintenance of homeostasis, and as a rule, it is a target and one of the sources of ROS. According to some data, the local concentration of both exogenous, and endogenous ROS can reach 500 uM. Oxidative stress enhances a permeability of blood-tissue barriers, and ROS contributes significantly to development of pulmonary and brain pathologies in hypoxia and hyperoxia. Disturbance in endothelial permeability can be associated with the influence of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species on key metabolic enzymes, as well as on various units of signaling and effector pathways. Which agonists cause the primary disturbance of intracellular homeostasis? What are the mechanisms of modulation of the primary disturbance? What is the role of endogenous and exogenous sources of ROS in disturbance of intracellular homeostasis? These are the most important questions, on the solution of which the efficacy of diagnostics and treatment of cardiovascular diseases largely depend.