АНТОНІМІЧНІ ВІДНОШЕННЯ У ФРАНЦУЗЬКІЙ ФІЗИЧНІЙ ТЕРМІНОСИСТЕМІ

Abstract

The article addresses the topical issue of antonymy in a terminology system. The author reviews classifications of antonyms based on the semantic and structural criteria. A contrastive analysis of antonymic pairs as an opposition category is performed from the conceptual-semantic perspective. The basis of antonymic relations in a physics terminology system is the semantics of a hypernym term. It determines the extreme hyponym terms through which opposition is realized. It is shown that antonymic pairs in the lexicon of common usage and in a terminology system are not identical. The author posits that this is due to antonymic pairs acquiring new semantic elements while preserving key semantic features present in commonly used words. Antonymic terms in physics can enter into synonymic relations and form synonym sets whose functionality depends on the context of scientific text. Antonyms among physics terms have been divided into contrary (gradual), complementary, and vectorial based by the semantic criterion. The article describes their semantic characteristics and peculiarities of functioning in texts. In particular, contrary antonymic pairs denote two opposite kinds of concepts, between which there are one or more intermediate terms indicating the increase or decrease of a conceptual feature. Complementary antonymy is characterized by the fact that words that are opposed through hyponym terms complement of a single hypernym term and do not contain any intermediate lexical elements. In this kind of antonymy, it is necessary to clearly identify both elements of opposition to avoid ambiguity in the opposition of physical terms. Vector antonymy consist in the opposite of different actions, motions, signs and is quite common in physics terminology.