ПОЛІТИЧНА ФІЛОСОФІЯ В УМОВАХ КРИЗИ ТРАДИЦІЙНОЇ МЕТОДОЛОГІЇ: ГЛУХИЙ КУТ ЧИ ГНОСЕОЛОГІЧНИЙ ПРОРИВ

Abstract

Authors establish discourse of crisis of traditional methodology in modern Ukrainian political philosophy. At the same time, the mainstream of Western political science is methodologically based on the achievements of the method of historical materialism, which is not used now in Ukrainian political philosophy.The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the heuristic potential of the concept of analysis of socio-political relations, taking into account the generally accepted in nеo-Marxist analytics factor of competition for access to limited resources in a society based on the principles of individual profit. It is demonstrated that the evolution of economic activity is taking place through the concentration of economic resources (property) and economic power in the hands of the minority of society. Thus, the uneven access to resources for various social groups in the process of primary distribution causes the internal instability of society, which is compensated by the use of power redistribution of resources through the state mechanism.The state, as the manager of a significant amount of resources withdrawn from society in the process of the redistribution, is the object of power influence from social groups that can concentrate sufficient resources for this. The relationship between the state and these groups is determined by the correlation of volumes of concentration of resources and the effectiveness of resources’ application. The removal of resources by the state in its favor and the seizure of state resources by the most resource-rich social groups are the system factors of the described model.A nation, which is composed of fighting against each other in the struggle for access to resources social groups, is not internally the single subject of politics. The situation of competitive political struggle within the nation is a systemic factor. At the same time, the minority of the nation, due to high concentration of resources, is able to subordinate the majority, thereby gaining the right to act in its own interests on behalf of this majority. Thus, in social reality, a nation is represented by political elite - a resource-rich minority, which dominates the society. The political elite is transformed into a factor of destabilization of society if it alienates in its favor too many resources, needed for reproduction of the society. Taking into account that the alienation of resources by the elite in its favor is systemic, this phenomenon is also systemic. Thus, political elites play a key role in the formation of crises that accompany the development of state and society.In this case, the exclusive right of public authorities to use economic resources, which are subject to regulation by the state, creates a so-called power or political rent. The detailed description of the essence of this rent was fulfilled within the framework of the macroeconomic theory of groups, which treats acquiring rent as a result of the interaction of certain groups of interests. Such behavior of the staff of the state apparatus is due to the ability of corporation officials to make self-contained decisions of redistribution of resources. In general, the proposed model allows analyzing the crisis phenomena, which exist in political reality, not as manifestations of the non-systemic nature, but as systemic factors, which are the consequence of the normal functioning of the elements of social, economic and political systems of society. Here from, the task of further research in this direction is to identify elements and relationships that can act as factors compensating crisis phenomena generated by the system.