Вплив модуляторів NMDA-рецепторів на біохімічні змінив сітківці при ішемічному та травматичному ураженні зорового аналізатора

Abstract

Introduction. Glutamate exitotoxicity and hyperactivation of NMDA receptors play an important role in affecting the visual analyzer in cases of ischemia and trauma. It remains unexplored the influence of modulators of various sites of NMDA receptors on metabolic processes in the retina in these pathological conditions.The aim of the work – to determine the effect of NMDA receptor modulators on metabolic changes (oxidative stress, energy deficit, state of nitrogen oxide system, glutamate content) in the retina with the ischemic injury of the visual analyzer in rats and traumatic damage to the visual analyzer in rabbits.Research Methods. Experiments were conducted on 56 white male rats and 24 rabbits. Ischemic lesions of the visual analyzer in rats was caused by the creation of a one-sided ischemia-reperfusion in the a. ophthalmica.Traumatic damage of the visual analyzer in rabbits was caused by the action of a carbon dioxide stream under pressure on the cornea of the eye. NMDA receptor modulators were administered within 7 days before and 30 minutes after pathology simulation. Polyamino site blocker amantadine sulfate (5 mg/kg i/v) and phencyclidine site blocker memantine (20 mg/kg i/g) were used. The content of AT P, markers of oxidative-nitrosative stress, glutamate levels in retina, and the level of neuronspecific enolase (NSE) in serum were determined.Results and Discussion. The use of NMDA receptor inhibitors causes de-escalation of NSE levels in the blood, reduces energy deficit, oxidative-nitrosative stress, glutamate levels in the retina of ischemia-reperfusion of the eye in rats and contusion of the eye in rabbits. The polyamino site inhibitor amantadine sulfate exceeds (in 1.2-1.5 times, p<0.05) the fencyclidine site inhibitor memantine by the ability to adjust the levels of ATP, MDA, oxide-modified proteins, to restore the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the retina on ischemic and traumatic lesions of visual analyzer.Conclusions. Thus, the modulators of the polyamino- and phencyclidine sites of the NMDA receptors showed a protective effect on neuroretina for both ischemic and traumatic damage of the visual analyzer in animals. The study of the effects of amantadine sulfate on reparative processes in the retina is a promising direction for further research.