Abstract
Background. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is expressed in different parts of the respiratory tract and reflects the degree of secretion disorders and airway hyperreactivity in ARVI. Objective. To estimate the diagnostic value of the NGF in ARVI and COVID-19. Material and methods. The study was conducted in two phases (before the pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic). A total of 43 children with ARVI and community-acquired pneumonia were observed at the first stage and 160 adult patients with COVID-19 (moderate (M-COVID) and severe (S-COVID) were observed at the second stage. Serum NGF level was estimated using Human NGF (Nerve Growth Factor) ELISA Kit, Fine Test system. Results. Among ARVI in children mono infection prevailed (61.9%) and was represented by hRSV in 23.0% of cases. Аmong mixed forms of ARVI (38.1%) hRV was the leader (87.5%, 7/8), as a co-infection – hRV + hRSV (3/8). NGF expression in children with moderate mono infection was 195.89 (79.27; 256.01), in severe pneumonia – 280.04 (17.73; 725.04), statistical differences were significant p < 0.05. NGF levels in M-COVID and S-COVID were multidirectional and had large level fluctuations within individual groups. A certain pattern was an increase of NGF level in pneumonia associated with ARVI and a decrease of NGF level in pneumonia associated with COVID-19, regardless of severity, in concomitant obesity and diabetes mellitus, in patients on O therapy and hormone treatment, including patients with M-COVID, as well as in patients with signs of respiratory failure (p < 0.05). As respiratory failure and oxygen dependence progressed in S-COVID, the inflammation markers were rising. The proposed ratio represented by C-reactive protein (CRP) and NGF proved to be the most informative test for assessing epithelial dysfunction and disease severity, which was confirmed by the ROC analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusions. NGF score and the CRP/NGF ratio represent additional criteria for assessing severity and predicting the development of an unfavorable outcome due to epithelial dysfunction in the respiratory tract in ARVI and COVID-19.
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