Интертекстуальность и интержанровость

Gattungsgeschichte und ihr Gattungsbegriff am Beispiel der Novellen

The article considers the features of meme as a genre of Internet communication. The author focuses on the characteristics of the Internet meme as a means of intertextuality. The main attention is paid to the types and sources of intertextuality of memes in the Ukrainian-language Internet. In the last few years there has been a growing interest in study of new internet genres. To the author’s knowledge, Ukrainian internet meme has been scarcely investigated from the point of view of intertextuality. The relevance of this work is due to the fact that Internet memes in the Ukrainian media are insufficiently explored. In particular, the category of intertextuality of memes has been poorly studied. This paper presents a new look at a previously unexplored aspect of intertextuality in Internet memes of the Ukrainian-language segment of the Internet. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the features of the implementation of intertextuality in Internet memes. The author defines the Internet meme as a unit of Internet discourse, which is characterized by a combination of standard in form and expression in meaning. In this paper, the scholar describes meme as an illustration and a text to it. Due to their nature, memes are concentrated information in a vivid form. The material for the study is Internet memes from social networks of the Ukrainian-language Internet, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter. In order to study intertextuality in internet memes the author uses intertextual analysis and continuous sampling method. This allowes to explore the intertextual basis of Internet memes. The research shows that the nature of the intertextuality of Internet memes is diverse. The author outlines that prototexts of Internet memes are precedent names, statements, texts and situations. The paper describes the types of precedent texts, as well as the mechanisms of intertextuality. The author separately considers the functions of precedent texts in memes. The results show that the main functions of Internet memes are a means of creating comic effect, popularization through introduction into the global context, aesthetic effect, concentrating information and intellectual play. Research on intertextuality in Internet memes appears fully justified as it is still insufficiently studied. The conclusions state that intertextuality is realized in Internet discourse, because Internet genres are interconnected and interactive. Duplication of the meme supports its precedent. Today, all texts on the Internet are interconnected by hypervocations, and the Internet has become one hypertext in the modern information and communication environment.

Genre analysis has become a prevalent approach in the linguistic analysis of various specialized genres. A concept of genre, emerging from literature, has received a broader dimension in the last decade, focusing on establishing recognized structures and language exponents of a specific genre in a particular discourse community. In addition, the expansion of ESP and the rise of subgenres in many rising professional vocations require users to have competence in the English language. In addition, language researchers need ‘to dig into’ the pragmatic context of genres. With this mind and resting on the concept of genre and discourse communities, the paper sheds light on how the genre analysis approach can be applied in teaching different marine electrical genres to students and future ETO officers. The marine electrical engineering discourse community is specific and relatively novel. In this paper, the focus is placed on seafarers, future electro-technical officers and the analysis of genres they utilize in their professional work on board ships. The results of the paper can be inspiring to ESP teachers involved in teaching specialized and technical genres.

<i>Genre Matters: Essays in Theory and Criticism</i>. Edited by Garin Dowd , Lesley Stevenson , and Jeremy Strong . Bristol and Portland, OR: Intellect Books, 2006. Pp. 178.

This paper analyses the moves and linguistic features in valedictory speeches of ten graduating students of some Colleges of Education in the Western and Central Regions of Ghana. Ten speeches ranging from 2013 to 2019 were selected from Holy Child College of Education, Takoradi, Our Lady of Apostle College of Education, Cape Coast and Foso College of Education, Fosu. Valedictory speech is important to graduating students of tertiary institutions and some high schools; as a specific form of genre, it shares the characteristics of both oral and written genre in the context of English for specific purposes which is geared towards English for Academic Purposes (EAP). The exemplars were analysed according to move patterns and their textual space as well as its linguistic features. This study adapted mix method design. Interview, focus group discussions and questionnaires were the instruments used. The study revealed that, communicative elements in the valedictory speech are very important to the graduating students and their message they intend to send to the audience. It also identified that it brings out a picture of issues that had contributed to the success of the graduating students and the end result of they being awarded their diplomas or degree. It was clearly established of linguistic features of valedictory speeches. For the analysis of moves and linguistic features in valedictory speeches, one relevant theory is Swales’ Genre Analysis. This theory is instrumental in understanding the structure (moves) and language use (linguistic features) in specific types of discourse like valedictory speeches. This investigation was underpinned by genre analysis theory foundered by Swales, J. (1990). Swales’, Genre Analysis focuses on how different types of texts (genres) are structured to achieve particular communicative purposes. The theory is especially useful in understanding academic and professional communication, as it provides a framework for analyzing the “moves” within a text—segments of discourse that serve specific functions. It was recommended that linguistic features within these moves should realize the functions and contribute to the overall purpose of the genre. Again, framework can be applied to valedictory speeches to analyze the rhetorical structure and the specific linguistic choices made to achieve the communicative goals of the speech.

The article discusses the legitimacy and appropriateness of using the concept of genre sphere in modern genre studies, by analogy with other “spheres” used in many modern humanities, for example, in conceptology. The author concludes that the genre sphere objectively exists, but the use of the genre sphere as a concept in genre studies also has objective pros and cons. The paper analyzes the possible composition of the genre sphere: the totality of all speech genres/speechgenre space of a separate national culture in a given period and in dynamics; a separate intra-cultural subculture; a separate age subculture. The genre sphere does not include speech acts, tonalities, styles, strategies and tactics, types, precedent texts, as well as actual linguistic units of different types and levels. The paper focuses on the tasks of the “genre sphere theory” and the tasks of genre studies, the solution of which is facilitated by the use of the concept of the genre sphere: the ordering of ideas about the structure of communicative concepts and in their composition – speech genre, national genre sphere and national culture, genrogenic situations, anthology (encyclopedia, dictionary) of speech genres, typology of speech genres. A separate micro-study deals with the categories, scenarios, etc. of the Russian genre sphere (the significance of the concept of communication, communicative personality, greater and lesser elaboration of individual genres, intra-genre tonalities and values, such as iskrennost’ (≈‘sincerity’), spravedlivost’ (≈‘fairness’), pryamota (≈‘directness’), vezhlivost’ (≈‘politeness’), kompliment (≈‘compliment’)). The arguments “against” the use of the concept of genre sphere in genre studies include the insufficient development of the methodology of genre studies, the absence of new special methods and techniques that would be used in studying the genre sphere, as well as the fact that at the current stage of development of genre studies, this concept is perceived as largely redundant in relation to such actively and successfully developed concepts as the speech-genre picture of the modern era, speech-genre space, and near-genre space of speech.

The article examines how precedent texts are involved in the creation of a semantic fabric of "pies" of amateur Internet poems with a poetic structure of an unrhymed quatrain, and their branches of powders, depresyashki, artichokes. The material were miniatures containing precedent texts, selected from the «Poetory» website and written by different authors. The analysis of the selected miniatures was carried out by the method of linguistic interpretation of the text. It is stated that Internet miniatures refer to literary postmodernism and actively refer to one of the style-forming techniques of postmodernism – the use of precedent texts. In "pies" and their offshoots there are various precedent texts: phraseological units, literary quotes, aphorisms and their excerpts, names of literary and fairy-tale characters, titles of works, etc. The precedent text can be used fragmentarily, in the form of allusions. The article states that the precedent texts are a semantic trigger that allows you to create the meaning of the "pie". The techniques of creating the meaning of a miniature using a precedent text are considered. All techniques are based on the "frame" use and perception of precedent texts. A “frame” technique is a technique in which a scenario, a “picture” arising from the precedent text, and the further semantic development of this scenario serves to create the meaning of a miniature. The “frame” method has several options: “aiming” at the “frame” use of the precedent text, paradoxically-contrasting development of the topic of the precedent text, the method of “antithesis unfolding”, "concatenation" of several precedent texts, combining several methods of using the precedent text in one miniature. It is also argued that the "frame" use of precedent texts allows not only to create the meaning of the miniature, but also to convey it concisely in accordance with the canons of the genre a maximum of 4 lines. Thus, precedent texts not only act as triggers for the "extraction" of deep content, the meaning of Internet miniatures, but also make it possible to minimize the expression plan, creating an increased semantic richness of the text.

Speech Genres in Cultural Practice

The article presents the analysis of different types of precedent phenomena in the genre of online blog posts. The author defines a network blog as a macrogenre of Internet communication and a post as its microgenre. The author describes the main characteristics of online posts peculiar to other Internet genres and establishes the consistency of their genre features with the use of precedent units in online posts. Precedent units, possessing the features of recognition, evaluativeness, expressivity, hypertextuality, expand and deepen the semantic content of the genre under study, contribute to the realization of the main task of the online post – attracting and retaining the attention of the audience – and serve as one of the important means of textual organization of this genre. In the genre of the network post different types of precedent units are used: for example, precedent statements, precedent names, appeals to precedent situations and precedent texts. The predominant type of precedent units in online posts are precedent statements, the sources of which, as a rule, are phraseology and paremiology, which are units of the national cultural fund (national precedent phenomena). These features are determined by the peculiarities of the Internet communication, as well as the orientation of the studied posts in online blogs to Russian users. It is hypothesized that the predominance of precedent statements – the most explicit forms of precedence – is related to the remote nature, the mass audience and the written form of the online post. The author compares precedent phenomena in the genre of online post and the use of precedent units in other spheres of communication (Russian dialect and literary-spoken discourse) and reveals a number of similarities and differences due to the discursive features of communication, as well as the socio-cultural differentiation of Russian-speaking society.

Modern Russian culture is very different from Soviet culture, but they have many similarities, too. In essence, this is the same country, only without national margins and the former allied national republics. But within the country, multinationality remains since Russia is a federal state with many peoples of diverse cultures. Russian culture is the culture of a multinational country. Modern Russian culture has lost the features of ideological and party (communist) dependence, but retains the influence of the state, like any other culture of any country in the world. True, the influence of the state on the culture in each country goes to a greater or lesser extent. In Russia, this state influence on culture is very large up to the present day, and it has a pronounced dualistic character. On one hand, Russian culture is provided with financial assistance “from above”, and on the other hand, some kind of framework is created that cannot be crossed, almost as it was in Soviet times, when the state order in the cultural sphere dominated.

This study investigated the linguistic features of abstracts across five scientific and technical disciplines: biochemistry, civil engineering, computer and information sciences, electronics engineering, and mechanical engineering. Abstracts play a crucial role in academic papers by summarizing key findings, methodologies, and implications. Through the lens of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and genre analysis, this study aimed to determine whether linguistic features vary across disciplines and classify these disciplines based on the similarity of their linguistic features. The corpus consisted of 5,000 abstracts, with 1,000 from each discipline, sourced from the open-access journal PLOS ONE. Using Biber's [1] multidimensional analysis framework, this study examined 63 of 67 linguistic features, including passive voice, conjunctions, amplifiers, and discourse markers. Statistical analysis, including correlation and cluster analyses, revealed that the disciplines can be broadly divided into two groups: biochemistry and computer & information sciences, and a second group including mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and electronics engineering. These findings suggest that while some linguistic features are shared across disciplines, others vary substantially. For example, biochemistry has a higher frequency of passive constructions and large noun phrases, whereas computer and information sciences frequently use first-person pronouns and amplifiers. These insights are valuable for ESP instruction as they highlight the need for discipline-specific writing guidance in higher education. Educators can use this information to develop effective writing instruction tailored to the linguistic norms of each field. Future research could expand on these findings by exploring additional rhetorical elements and examining the impact of linguistic features on reader comprehension.

Modern linguistics is characterized by the establishment and formation of a new promising direction, based on anthropocentric theory of speech genres (TSG). The popularity of this direction lies in the interest of the scientists in the phenomenon of virtual communication, which has a certain structure and differs in mechanisms of influence on the social content. The multidimensionality and richness of genre forms determine the need for a diverse approach to the study of speech genres in modern genology. The aim of the article is to study and analyze the theory of speech genres in modern linguistics. The author presents the basic theoretical foundations of the study of the theory of speech genres. Taking into account the achievements of modern studies, the concept of speech genres is analyzed, features and functions of the visual elements of the speech genre are described. It is proved that the modern speech genre and its variety the virtual speech genre are an informational and communicative environment in which there is a certain styling, sphere of communication, speech behavior. The speech genre and the virtual speech genre belong to the written communication and rely on the fullest use of lexical, grammatical, graphic, and media means of speech, which foresees certain adjustments, as well as it differs by the form of dialogue and monologue.

This article is an attempt to determine the place of microblogs, posted on Twitter, on the Internet or, more broadly in the multimedia genealogy. First, the service itself is presented and mechanisms of its functioning are described. Then its importance for society is mentioned. Furthermore, some crucial issues related to the theory of genres are presented and they constitute an essential introduction to the re-search methodology. The “guides” on the path of reflection and on the characteristics of microblogs are the “older siblings” of this form of expression: the Internet, journalistic and other genres, whose determinants have already been described. Such an order is matched against another one – the tradition of genres’ description in four aspects: structural, prag-matic, cognitive and stylistic. Key words: microblog, new genres, multimedia genealogy, theory of genres, Twitter Introduction The goal of this article is to establish a preliminary definition of the place of microblogs, published on the Twitter website, in the Internet – or more broadly, multimedia – genealogy. It will be accompanied by reflection on genealogy itself, since–making this goal an especially interesting research challenge–the current state of research on the genres of all linguistic texts does not give any ready answers to the questions concerning them that are asked by linguists and literary critics, as well as by media studies schol-ars and scholars of culture in general. The analysis presented below is not a synthesis of long-term studies on the issues connected with Internet communication and its genealogy, but an “exploratory” record of contact with them. Thus it is also not motivated by the idea of presenting a defini-tive solution, but of showing the points that give rise to further questions. Such an approach allows one to look at a relatively new1 phenomenon with the curiosity of an “explorer”. First of all the service itself and the way it works will be presented, and next its meaning in society. After as brief a presentation as possible of Twitter, I will go on to the core issues tied to the theory of genres, which are an essential introduction to the study's methodology. As “guides” on the path of reflection about the genealogical description of microblogs I have chosen the “older siblings” of this form of expression: Internet genres, press genres and other speech genres whose characteristics have already been described.

The pedagogical focus of many genre studies in the field of applied linguistics has produced a wealth of materials designed to raise students’ awareness of the purposes, rhetorical structures, linguistic features, and contexts associated with particular educational genres. The desire to pin down the key characteristics of these genres has also resulted in a conceptualization of genres as rather more stable and constraining/normative than is the case in other disciplines such as literary studies and linguistic anthropology. In this chapter, we report on a rhetorical genre-based analysis of a spoken classroom event in the discipline of architecture - an event that was identified in the current study as both recurrent and patterned. As in many genre studies in the field of applied linguistics, we sought to characterize of the genre for teaching and learning purposes. Less usual was the case study approach adopted here, focusing on one teacher and his use of this classroom genre. A case study approach allowed us to explore the pattern and variability in the teacher’s improvisational pedagogical style. More generally, we want to argue that a study of particularity (in this case of one teacher’s use of a classroom genre) has the potential to contribute to a broader understanding of genre and generic boundaries. The chapter concludes by discussing the pedagogical implications of individual variation as well as underlining the need for a concept of genre in applied linguistics that allows a space to consider the tension between stability and creativity in language use.

Analysis of moves, rhetorical patterns and linguistic features in New Scientist articles