Аннотированный список видов Dolichopodidae (Diptera) Приморского края и новые указания

The results of long-term studies of the dolichopodid fauna of Sakhalin Island by Russian authors are presented in the form of an annotated list of species for the first time. For this paper, originally published localities were checked, if they were referenced, and the exact locations of some collection points were established according to the museum collections. The latter material is included into the checklist. In addition, an unpublished material of Dolichopodidae is included. New records for 36 species, including 9 species new for the Sakhalin, are presented. Campsicnemus picticornis and C. scambus, Diaphorus nigricans, Dolichopus bisetulatus, Hydrophorus brunnicosus, Nepalomyia tatjanae, Rhaphium firsovi, R. tridactylum and Syntormon monochaetus are reported from Sakhalin for the first time. Sixteen species are excluded from the fauna of the island. In total, 72 species from 18 genera of long-legged flies are listed.

Development of RFID-based Reverse Logistics System

Marine algal flora of the western coasts of Bering Sea is studied non-uniformly, i.e. to a variable degree in different areas. Perhaps, algae of the Commander Islands are studied more thoroughly as compared to the other areas of the Russian Pacific. The data on marine algae of the Islands were presented in many published works by the Russian authors. The comprehensive survey of the literature on the Islands’ marine flora was given in our papers (Selivanova & Zhigadlova, 1997 a, b, c). Thereafter we continued our floristic and taxonomic studies on the Commander Islands and published many new papers: Selivanova, 2001 a, b; 2008 a, b, c; 2009; Selivanova & Zhigadlova, 2000; 2003; 2010; Zhigadlova, 2009. In contrast to Commander Islands algae of the continental part of the Bering Sea are studied rather poorly. Though floristic investigations began there above 200 years ago information on algal flora and structure of benthic communities of this area is still scanty. Remoteness and inaccessibility, severe climate and ice conditions, and a short navigation season make this area very inconvenient for natural studies, so they were episodic and uncoordinated. Practically no seasonal field observations have been conducted there, no marine biological stations have ever existed, and scientific expeditions have been infrequent and sporadic. Therefore information on benthic algae of the area is limited. Special publications on this subject are rare (e.g.Vinogradova, 1973a; 1978; Perestenko, 1988; Zhigadlova & Selivanova, 2004), although data on the marine algae of this area may be found in some general taxonomic, floristic and hydrobiological studies (e.g. Kongisser, 1933; Petrov, 1972, 1973; Vinogradova, 1973b, 1974, 1979; Vinogradova et al., 1978; Vinogradova & Perestenko, 1978; Kussakin & Ivanova, 1978; Perestenko, 1994). The most detailed and contemporary information on marine algae of the Russian part of Bering Sea is given in our recent publication (Selivanova & Zhigadlova, 2010). This work however was published in Russian in a book with a small number of copies so it is scarcely available to phycologists outside Russia. Partially data on algae of western part of Bering Sea (from Ozernoi Gulf to Dezhnev Cape) was presented earlier in my work (Selivanova, 2002), its electronic version is still available at the address: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83 Data from this publication are cited in the species list of Bering Sea algae presented in a current paper. However some part of this information has already become out-of date due to considerable and fast changes in the algal systematics caused by the application of

Regulation of waste management under spatial competition

We address the problems of constructing the Voronoi diagram (VD) and Delaunay triangulation (DT) of points in the plane with mutually dependent location uncertainties, testing their stability, and computing their components. Point coordinate uncertainties are modeled with the Linear Parametric Geometric Uncertainty Model (LPGUM), a deterministic, expressive and computationally efficient first order linear approximation of geometric uncertainty that supports parametric dependencies between point locations. We define an uncertain three-point circle and its properties and present in-circle-test algorithms for the dependent and the independent cases whose respective time complexity is [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of parameters that describe the points location uncertainty and [Formula: see text] is the complexity of quartic [Formula: see text]-variable optimization. We define the uncertain VD and DT of [Formula: see text] LPGUM points and show that an unstable VD may have an exponential number of topologically different instances. We describe algorithms for testing VD and DT stability whose time complexity is [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the dependent and independent cases when the nominal (exact) VD is given. We present algorithms to compute the vertices, edges, and faces of uncertain VD and DT for the independent case whose complexity is [Formula: see text] time and [Formula: see text] space. Finally, we describe algorithms for answering exact and uncertain point location queries in a stable uncertain VD and for dynamically updating it in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] average case time complexity for the independent and dependent cases.

Background: In the international auriculotherapy practice there are relatively big differences in the exact localization of the same ear acupuncture point. On one hand, there are specialists who devote their efforts to find the active points. In that case it becomes intriguing that there may be another point (at 1-2 mm distance) near the point to be treated, indicating a relatively strong, even stronger activity than the one they were initially aiming to find. That point may be active because of another health problem. On the other hand, it may also occur that the same acupuncture point is localized 10-20 mm away from its correct place. Owing to the inaccurate localization, the treatment will not have the expected effect to the ear acupuncture point indications and will cause disappointment to the patient and frustration to the therapist. The ’Széchenyi Orientation Ear Map’ offers a solution to the internationally debated problem of the adequate localization and standardization of ear acupuncture points. The ear map offers a solution for finding the exact location of acupuncture points in one uniform/flexible arrangement in various ear acupuncture systems, from the Chinese or Nogier’s ear acupuncture points to Széchenyi’s 191 ear acupuncture points. It is important to emphasize that apart from the correct diagnosis, the basis of successful therapy is finding the adequate localization of the acupuncture points. Methods: We localize the acupuncture points on a comparative basis, that is to say, we use relative localization. To attain this, we put to use the anatomical formulas of the ear. Furthermore, the orientation points, the main orientation lines and the auxiliary orientation lines help determine the exact localization. Results: The exact place of the acupuncture point determined with the aid of the orientation map and the relative localization spot will always be at the same place. Using this method one soon discovers that every ear has basically the same shape. Thus, it can be avoided that within the same or in different countries minimum 2 points from among the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) or Battlefield (BLF) 5 ear points get to an unlikely position or 15-20 mm further away on the top of the ear. It is important not to mix the positions as it is not the same if the needles are inserted in the Allergy point instead of the Omega 2 point, or Zero point will take the place of the Liver point. Conclusions: The orientation points, the main- and auxiliary orientation lines will unambiguously help the therapist to accurately localize the acupuncture points, no matter the shape of the ear. Furthermore, they also enable to better comprehend the location of those points on different maps. Therapists will not come to a dead-end by trying to find the active points, and meanwhile end up treating a point responsible for another health problem instead of treating what they aim for. Consequently, it is important to be able to identify the proper location of the active points in question.

Medical waste has the characteristics of direct or indirect infection, toxicity and harmfulness, and is listed as "top risk" internationally, and is listed as No.1 hazardous waste in China's Hazardous Waste List. Therefore, it is particularly important to recycle and treat medical waste. The reasonable design of medical waste recycling and disposal logistics network can effectively solve this problem, among which, the location planning of related facilities is an important activity. For medical waste recycling logistics facilities (i.e., collection points) location optimization design, this paper according to the different levels of service collection point, has carried on the classification of medical units, and then according to the different collection point location method of classification is put forward. Finally using MATLAB for data experiment and analysis of the results to verify the validity of the model. The model is instructive and referential to reality.

Based on a review of publications of recent years by Russian and foreign authors, the paper reveals trends in Leningrad painting in the 1960s and the role of its representatives such as L.V. Kabachek, E.E. Moiseenko, I.A. Serebryany, N.E. Timkov, N.M. Pozdneev, A.A. Mylnikov, L.A. Rusov, S.I. Osipov and others in shaping the image of Leningrad art. Criticism of approaches to the definition of the concept of the Leningrad school of painting, the history of existence and the circle of its artists in the works of Russian researchers is given. The actual problems of preserving, studying and exhibiting the artistic heritage of the masters of the Leningrad school of the 1960s from museum and personal collections are considered.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been highlighted as a means toward effective conservation of coral reefs. New strategies are required to more effectively select MPA locations and increase the pace of their implementation. Many criteria exist to design MPA networks, but generally, it is recommended that networks conserve a diversity of species selected for, among other attributes, their representativeness, rarity, or endemicity. Because knowledge of species' spatial distribution remains scarce, efficient surrogates are urgently needed. We used five different levels of habitat maps and six spatial scales of analysis to identify under which circumstances habitat data used to design MPA networks for Wallis Island provided better representation of species than random choice alone. Protected-area site selections were derived from a rarity-complementarity algorithm. Habitat surrogacy was tested for commercial fish species, all fish species, commercially harvested invertebrates, corals, and algae species. Efficiency of habitat surrogacy varied by species group, type of habitat map, and spatial scale of analysis. Maps with the highest habitat thematic complexity provided better surrogates than simpler maps and were more robust to changes in spatial scales. Surrogates were most efficient for commercial fishes, corals, and algae but not for commercial invertebrates. Conversely, other measurements of species-habitat associations, such as richness congruence and composition similarities provided weak results. We provide, in part, a habitat-mapping methodology for designation of MPAs for Pacific Ocean islands that are characterized by habitat zonations similar to Wallis. Given the increasing availability and affordability of space-borne imagery to map habitats, our approach could appreciably facilitate and improve current approaches to coral reef conservation and enhance MPA implementation.

As like physical dimensions of heat sink, determining the exact location of source feeding point is quite critical step of design. Location of feeding point divides heat sinks into particular dimensions, and each one has different resonance frequency and radiation pattern. Varying radiation pattern refers to varying electromagnetic emission level. In order to control unintended electromagnetic emissions due to heat sinks, proper location of feeding point must be determined. During the investigation, heat sinks are fed through the base surface of heat sinks. Data were obtained by simulation in the frequency range of 30 MHz and 1 GHz. Dimensions of base surface of heat sink are 10 cm × 13 cm, and 4 five different feed points have been taken into account for electromagnetic emission. Near to 11 dB improvement was observed at some frequency intervals.

In fracture toughness tests, the energy absorbed by the specimen is calculated from load versus load point displacement data. If tests are made with small CT-specimens, direct measurement of load point displacement is often not possible due to small specimen dimensions; subsequently, specimen displacement is measured on the front face of the specimen. The measured displacement is transferred into load point displacement with the help of a geometric rotation point concept. The measurements were performed with miniature CT-specimens of dimensions B = 4 mm, W = 8 mm having the integral clip seated on the specimen front face. The location of the rotation point was concluded from the measured initial compliance by applying the rotation point values of r = 0.5 and r = 0.13 and by comparing the calculated crack lengths with the measured crack lengths. The value of r = 0.5 was observed to be too high and the value r = 0.13 produced the measured crack lengths accurately. A linear combination of elastic and plastic deformations is proposed to be used for calculating the location of the rotation point outside the elastic loading range. The load line load–displacement curves were derived and the measured KJC-values were calculated with the assumptions r = 0.5 and with the linear combination described in the paper. The linear combination believed to be more relevant than the value r = 0.5 resulted in lower KJC-values than r = 0.5. However, the difference was only about 1.6 % in KJC-values, which changes the T0 values approximately by 1°C. Hence, the measured KJC-values are not sensitive to the exact location of the rotation point used in the analysis.

A restricted dynamic model for refuse collection network design in reverse logistics

The relationship between the electric current and the magnetism is well demonstrated by the Faraday's induction and conductivity laws. Under this concept, it follows that, through intensive laboratory experiments, it has been established that the arcing fault current path related sparks are indeed source of ElectroMagnetic Radiated (EMR) signals waves. These EMR can be detected and located at a relatively remote distance, with the aid of directional antennas arrays, at considerable and reasonable accuracy. Under this novel concept of power arcing fault source point triangulation, the arc EMR data play a critical role in providing essential timing information onto which the arc fault detection and location algorithm is based. Thus, from these arc EMR recorded and gathered data, the signals Time Differences Of Arrival (TDOA) information or signatures can be easily extracted from a pair of antennas, with the aid of an appropriate signal processing tool, namely the cross-correlation (Xcorr) function. Since the electric arc phenomenon is unpredictable practically, therefore, the use of the arc signal Time Of Arrival (TOA), is impossible for the fault source point triangulation solution. In contrast, the values of TDOA seem to be efficient for solving the system of hyperbolic equations which has been imposed by this particular field measurement structure and constraints. It is of interest to mention that, the arc fault EMR field measurement structure and constraints are given and determined by the distributed antennas arrays locations or positions only. In other words, with the knowledge of both the antennas arrays locations Cartesian Coordinates (CC), together with the TDOA values, it is possible to pinpoint the unknown target power arcing fault exact source point position or location, not only in two-dimensions (2D), but also in three-dimensions (3D) Euclidean plane. Thus, this kind of arc fault source point position or location solution finding is generally referred to as a source point triangulation method. This source point triangulation method consists of solving a system of hyperbolic equations as aforementioned. In fact, under a geometry analysis process, it follows that, if only if the arcing fault hazard formation time is known in advance, therefore, the solution of a system of hyperbolic equations consists of finding the intersection point of at least two or more circles. Such that, each of these circles, will be centered at each antenna in such a way that each circle will have a radius given by the distance derived from the value of TOA together with the power arcing fault hazard ignition time stamp or signature. In contrast, since the arcing fault hazard formation stage time is unknown in practice, therefore the solution of the system of hyperbolic equations consists of finding the intersection point of at least two or more hyperbolas. Such that each of these hyperbolas will have a focal point determined by the location of each antenna and the distance between pair of foci will be given by the values of TDOA. However, generally, a system of hyperbolic equations can be solved either with the aid of an analytic method or with that of a numerical method (also known as iterative method). Unlike the majority of this research field related relevant published literature into which the iterative methods have been used intensively, this paper presents an accurate analytic geometry method in order to solve the electric arc faults EMR source point exact location or position. As a result, it appears that, this novel proposed analytic geometry method has shown its potential in clarifying the power arcing fault source position or location, at a reasonable and considerable accuracy.

In the developed world, it is necessary to save the natural environments. A lot of incidents of human-made and natural catastrophes were occurring around the world. Forest fires are one of these environment disasters. The goal of this research is to construct and develop a cloud system which can detect the exact location of a forest fire and the spreading speed and direction of the fire. The location and direction of fire can be directly monitored on Google Maps application. An interpolation algorithm has been suggested to determine the time required for the fire an known point location on the forest. This will give the possibility to intervene and prevent the spreading of the fire significantly. The system utilizes Node Micro Controller Unit, Infrared flame detection sensors modules, Global Positioning System module with each sensor to provide the exact location for each to reach fire detected sensor. The proposed system gave accurate results and a high response speed, where the forest supervisor could monitor the fire continuously through a webpage which is connected to Google Maps. The interpolation algorithm was a suitable to determine the time for the fire to reach a certain point or a specific sensor at the forest.

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) enable users in physical proximity to each other to exchange data without the need for expensive communication infrastructures. Each user represents a node in the network, and executes a neighbor discovery Typically, nodes broadcast beacon messages that are received by other participants within the sender's communication range. Routing strategies are computed on-line based on the locations of nearby nodes, and geocasting is employed to deliver data packets to their destinations. However, mobile users may be reluctant to share their exact locations with other participants, since location can disclose private details about a person's lifestyle, religious or political affiliations, etc. A common approach to protect location privacy is to replace exact coordinates with coarser-grained regions, based on the privacy profile of each user. In this paper, we investigate protocols that support MANET routing without disclosing exact positions of nodes. Each node defines its own privacy profile, and reports a cloaked location information to its neighbors. We adopt a novel strategy to advertise beacons, to prevent inference of node locations. We also propose packet forwarding heuristics that rely on cloaking regions, rather than point locations. Our extensive experimental evaluation shows that the proposed routing scheme achieves low delays and high packet delivery ratios, without incurring significant overhead compared to conventional MANET routing protocols.