Гніздування очеретянки тонкодзьобої Acrocephalus melanopogon (Temminck, 1823) на південному сході України

As part of the pasture vegetation of steppe ecosystems of the south-east of Ukraine we found 62 rarity formations (79% of the total number), with 338 (52%) rarity associations of dominant classification. Green Book of Ukraine includes 18 formations with 79 associations (respectively, 54% and 67% of these syntaxa of regional vegetation), and the rest of the formations and associations are rare for this region. Rare vegetation formations and their associations are listed and distributed by types of grassland steppe ecosystems. The highest syntaxonomic variety is characteristic for gully and ravine steppe ecosystems formed on eroded chernozems underlain by loess (750 associations of 81 formations), the least syntaxonomic diversity is found in above-floodplain terraced steppes on the sands (140 associations of 24 formations). The greatest number of regionally rare associations is cenotically confined to the chalk outcrops (49 associations of 16 formations). A large number of associations are stenotopic. These results suggest a high synphytosozological value of pasture ecosystems vegetation in the south-east of Ukraine, which is very important for the conservation of the steppe biome biodiversity. It should be taken into account when grounding establishment of the local reserves for biota protection, their protection regimes and performing pasture load calculations for specific areas.

Character of radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs for their distribution between over-ground and underground parts phytomass of the airwater plants — Typha angustifolia and Phragmites australis and Glyceria maxima depend on their phase of development. 137Cs were mostly accumulated in the underground parts phytomass of the airwater plants — Typha angustifolia, Phragmites australis and Glyceria maxima L. From 1986 to 1993 we estimated the amount of radionuclides (about 22800 MBq 90Sr and 323000 MBq 137Cs) withdrawn from water and bottom sediments by die airwater organs Typha angustifolia in the Kiev reservoir. The result obtained provided for a better understanding of role of highest aquatic plants in the redistribution of radionuclides in hydroecosystems. In addition, they offer a possibility of associations of higher aquatic plants for water purification from radiocontamination. It is determined that Communities with emergent airwater plants take the most effective part in processes of self purification of basins from radioactive contamination. Cenoses formed by association of airwater plants — Typha angustifolia and Phragmites australis played the major role in water self-purification from radionuclides.

The article presents the results of investigations of the flora of small rivers within the city of Saratov (Yelshanka, Nazarovka, 1st Gusyolka, and 2nd Gusyolka). The species composition of aquatic plants of the streams studied is represented by 37 macrophyte species belonging to 23 genera, 17 families and three divisions (Charophyta, Polypodiophyta, and Magnoliophyta). The families Potamogetonaceae, Cyperaceae and Lemnaceae predominate by the number of represented species. The values of the Menchinik index indicate that the greatest floristic diversity is characteristic of the Yelshanka and Nazarovka rivers (3.1 and 3.4, respectively). The species composition of aquatic plants of the studied rivers within the urban area has a low similarity coefficient with the flora of rivers with relatively low anthropogenic load. Hydrophytes are the most numerous ecological group (22 species). According to the Paley–Kownacki dominance index, among the macrophytes of the studied rivers, most species are subdominant (57.28%) (Potamogeton perfoliatus, Typha angustifolia, Lemna trisulca, etc.). 37.18% (Phragmites australis, Potamogeton pectinatus, Lemna minor, Ceratophyllum demersum) belong to dominants, and the rest (11.54%) is defined as subdominants of the first order. Exceptional predominance is characteristic of Ceratophyllum demersum and Phragmites australis, which acted as dominants in all studied rivers. A significant part of the rivers is characterized by a low degree of overgrowth by hydrophilous vegetation, from slightly overgrown to not overgrown. The main types of distribution of aquatic and riparian-water vegetation are belted and fragmentary. Macrophyte communities are characterized by a simplified structure (one- or two-tiered), with absolute predominance of one plant species and the presence of two to four associated species with low values of projective coverage. The results of our calculations of indices (macrophyte index for small rivers (Sm), Indice Biologique Macrophytique in Riviere (IBMR)) based on the structural parameters of macrophytes showed that the studied rivers have a satisfactory ecological status.

Wetland Plant biomass is a key biophysical parameter required for understanding ecological systems. In this paper, an above-ground biomass map at 1-m resolution for Longhu wetland was created by using GF-2 data and field measurements. Typha angustifolia, Imperata cylindrical, Arundo donax, Typha angustifolia- Phragmites australis and Phragmites australis were collected in the spring of 2018. The model of vegetation index and biomass was established and applied to the study of the distribution characteristics of vegetation biomass in the study area. Additionally, using the measured soil organic matter, available potassium data and GF-2 data, the organic matter content and available potassium content were mapped. The results showed that a significant correlation relationship existed between vegetation index and above-ground biomass, and the power function model based on NDVI(y = 828770x5.489, R2 = 0.5317) was the most suitable one. The above-ground biomass map showed an overall trend that the biomass increasing was relevant to the distance from water surface. The Phragmites australis with the highest biomass was farthest from the water. The distribution of soil organic matter and available potassium was similar to that of plant biomass. The level of available potassium directly affected the level of biomass, and the organic matter content can predict the change of biomass.

Aquatic plants grow in water with photosynthesis and purify water quality as taking organic and inorganic matter in water. Polluted water in stagnant stream channel where nutritive salts load is great can be purified by activities of aquatic plants. Aquatic plants should be fixed to bed easily to plant and sustainable environment is needed. So in this study, Mattress/Filter system is suggested to plant aquatic plant in stagnant stream channel. In the result of study, coverage of Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia and Typha angustifolia which planted in mattress was <TEX>$78\%,\;62\%\;and\;82\%$</TEX> and numbers of species in each mattress system were 7, 11, 3. The evenness index of each mattress system was 0.86, 0.91 and 0.79 and diversity index of each mattress system was 1.67. 2.18 and 0.87. Removal rates of phosphorus at Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia and Typha angustifolia which planted in mattress were <TEX>$68.7\%,\;62.7\%,\;55.3\%$</TEX> and removal rates of nitrogen of them were <TEX>$79.8\%,\;74.7\%,\;64.9\%$</TEX>. The removal rate of nitrogen was greater than phosphorus at all system and both removal rates were greater at Phragmites australis than at Zirania latifolia and at Typha angustifolia the rate was the least. Removal rates of <TEX>$PO_4^{-3},\;NH_4-N,\;NO_{3-}N$</TEX> at Phragmites australis were <TEX>$57.4\%,\;52.8\%,\;47.8\%$</TEX> and at Zizania latifolia were <TEX>$82.6\%,\;77.2\%,\;67.5\%$</TEX> and at Typha angustifolia were <TEX>$80.6\%,\;73.7\%,\;64.3\%$</TEX>. It seems that removal effect is great by the planted mattress system.

This study examined the response of Argilla Marsh in Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA to increased tidal flushing instituted to restore a salt marsh invaded by Phragmites australis. In late fall 1998, we replaced the old 0.9-m-diameter culvert feeding this marsh with a 2.4 × 1.5-m box culvert, thus increasing both the volume of tidal exchange and porewater salinity. We carried out yearly sampling of vegetation for two years pre-restoration and for four years after restoration. Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) showed that the plant community on the restored marsh had changed after restoration but that on the reference marshes had not. Over 80% of the change in the restored marsh was attributed to an increase in Spartina alterniflora cover and decreases in the cover of Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, and Solidago sempervirens. The two brackish species, P. australis and T. angustifolia showed an immediate negative response to the increased flooding and salinity. Surviving P. australis culms in the restored marsh were shorter in stature than they were prior to restoration, suggesting that the increased flooding and porewater salinities had lowered the productivity of this species. The increase in S. alterniflora post-restoration fit an exponential curve, indicating that there was a lag in its response initially, but then it expanded rapidly and was still in a very rapid expansion phase after four years. Despite an overall decline of P. australis on the scale of the whole marsh, there was a great deal of variation in responses of individual patches of P. australis to the restoration. Some declined, some were unchanged, and some even increased. The response of nekton to the restoration was less obvious than that of vegetation. Before restoration, the creek system in the tidally restricted marsh functioned like an impoundment that was only marginally connected to the larger salt marsh ecosystem. At that time, seining indicated that more species of nekton occurred at greater densities in creeks in the tidally restricted marsh than in the downstream reference. Increasing the tidal amplitude in the restored marsh resulted in an overall decline in the catch per unit effort there. In contrast to the creeks, the Spartinadominated section of the flooded marsh surface in the restored marsh did harbor more Fundulus heteroclitus, particularly the smaller size class, than did the downstream reference marsh or a P. australis patch in the restored marsh. Our analysis of vegetation and nekton suggests that Argilla Marsh was still adjusting to hydrologic changes four years after restoration.

Waterbird species composition and habitat characteristics at two ecologically different wetlands (Paya Indah and Putrajaya) were compared in order to determine the habitat suitability of each particular habitat for waterbird species. A total of 30 waterbird species representing 10 families were recorded through direct observation in both wetland habitats (26 waterbird species in Paya Indah and 22 species in Putrajaya wetland habitats). Out of 30 waterbird species, 17 species were commonly recorded from both habitats, 4 species were absent in Paya Indah and 8 species in Putrajaya. Ardeidae was the dominant family based on the number species (11 waterbird species) while Charadriidae, Ciconiidae, Jacanidae, Pelicanidae and Podicipedidae were the rarest families (only one species was recorded) in both wetland habitats. This indicated that both wetland habitats may vary in waterbird species composition habitat characteristics, that is, a total of 34 aquatic plant species (21 species in Paya Indah and 18 species in Putrajaya wetland) belonging to 14 families were sampled during study period. Five plant species, namely, Water Chestnut– Eleocharis dulcis, Twig Rush– Lepironia articulate, Blue Lotus– Nymphaea nouchali, Common Reed– Phragmites karaka and Cattail– Typha angustifolia were commonly recorded from both habitats. However, 13 aquatic plant species were absent in Paya Indah and 16 species in Putrajaya wetland. The findings of this study, revealed that Paya Indah wetland is rich in waterbird species composition and habitat characteristics as compared to Putrajaya wetland habitat. This might be due to the richness and diversity of aquatic vegetation composition, occurrence of suitable foraging and breeding sites that had attracted the highest number of waterbird species to utilize the Paya Indah wetland habitat. Key words: Waterbirds, aquatic vegetation, Paya Indah, wetland.

Due to a significant replenishment of the sources at the beginning of the 21stcentury, there was a change of conceptions on the Neolithization process on the territory of Ukraine. The south-east version of neolithization of Ukraine, which was well-known at the second half of the 20th&nbsp;century with the name of «eastern stock breeding impulse», was not confirmed. On the other hand, there are numerous archaeological, palaeozoological and palaeobotanic data in behalf of south-western variant of neolithization of Ukraine. Ukraine, and first of all the Dnipro right bank territory, switched to the Neolithic at the end of the 6th&nbsp;- 5th&nbsp;millennia BC (cal.), the way the whole Central Europe did. It happened in the mode of «balkanization» due to the four main waves of the Neolithic farmers-colonists from the Balkans and the Danube River region: 1) Hrebenyky culture (the second half of the 7th&nbsp;millennium BC); 2) Criș (the first half of the 6th&nbsp;millennium BC); 3) Linear Pottery culture (second half of the 6th&nbsp;millennium BC); 4) Cucuteni-Trypillia (the 5th&nbsp;millennium BC). As in Central Europe, on territory of Ukraine, there were two types of the Neolithic: north-eastern woodland and south-western agriculture and cattle breeding ones. To the south-west province of the Neolithic in Ukraine included farmers and cattle breeders of the Criș, Linear Pottery, and Cucuteni-Trypillia cultures, genetically related to the Neolithic of the Balkans and the Danube region. The woodland Neolithic of the region covers the cultures of indigenous hunters and fishers, who were already acquainted with clay ware, but did not yet own the skills of productive economy. They were the Dnipro-Donetsk, Pit-Comb Ware, Volynian, Surska, Donetsk, and Tash-Air cultures. The earliest in Ukraine reliable traces of substantiated economy are observed in the Körös culture materials of Zakarpattia region (first part of the 6th&nbsp;millennium BC (cal.)) and the Linear Pottery culture of Volyn and Dnister region (second half of the 6th&nbsp;millennium BC (cal.)). Finally, in the 5th&nbsp;millennium BC, the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture population arriving from the south-west to Neolithic Ukraine completely neolithizated the Right-Bank forest-steppe region from the Carpathians to the Dnipro River. The Buh-Dnister culture (BDC) developed under the Criș culture’s influence from Moldova territory between the Dnister and the South Buh Rivers in the middle of the 6th&nbsp;millennium BC (cal.). Pressed by the new migration waves of the farmers from the Danube region (Linear Band Pottery and Cucuteni-Trypillia), the BDC bearers moved aside in the north-east direction in Kyiv and Cherkasy Dnipro regions, where the Dnipro-Donets culture appeared at the end of the 6thmillennium BC (cal.). The historical value of the Trypillia culture for the Ukrainian prehistory is in final victory of production economy on the Dnipro’s right bank first, and later, on the south of Left-Bank Ukraine. In fact, the population of the Black Sea steppe region, the Sea of Azov, and Donbas regions obtained the first skills of cattle breeding and agriculture from the Trypillians in the 5th&nbsp;and the 4th&nbsp;millennia BC (cal.). These Neolithic innovations from Trypillia to the steppe Eneolithic of the Black and Azov Seas regions were provided by so called «steppe Trypillia», known by the burials of Zhyvotyliv-Vovcha type. Consequently, the Neolithic of Ukraine is not an exception from the whole-European context. Right-Bank Ukraine was neolithizated synchronously with Central Europe as a result of colonization by the oldest farmers-colonists from the Danube region in the 6th-5th&nbsp;millennia BC (cal.). While in the 5th-4th&nbsp;millennia BC, Neolithic innovations from forest-steppe of Right-Bank Ukraine spread northward to Polissia and to the east and south-east of Ukraine. At the beginning of the 21st&nbsp;century, there was a change of conceptions of neolithization of the region in archaeology of Ukraine. The old south-west conception was replaced by the south-western one which corresponds to a general-European vision of the Neolithic revolution in Central Europe by its colonization in the 7th-5th&nbsp;millennia BC by the Neolithic farmers from the Balkans through the Danube region

Common reed (Phragmites australis) and narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia L.) are two plant species used widely in artificial wetlands constructed to treat wastewater. In this study, the community structure and diversity of root-associated bacteria of common reed and narrow-leaved cattail growing in the Beijing Cuihu Wetland, China, were investigated using 16S rDNA library and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods. Root-associated bacterial diversity was higher in common reed than in narrow-leaved cattail. In both plant species, the dominant root-associated bacterial species were Alpha, Beta and Gamma Proteobacteria, including the genera Aeromonas, Hydrogenophaga, Ideonella, Uliginosibacterium and Vogesella. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae and Spirochaetes were only found in the roots of common reed. Comparing the root-associated bacterial communities of reed and cattail in our system, many more species of bacteria related involved in the total nitrogen cycle were observed in reed versus cattail, while species involved in total phosphorus and organic matter removal were mainly found in cattail. Although we cannot determine their nutrient removal capacity separately, differences in the root-associated bacterial communities may be an important factor contributing to the differing water purification effects mediated by T. angustifolia and P. australis wetlands. Thus, further work describing the ecosystem functions of these bacterial species is needed, in order to fully understand how effective common reed- and narrow-leaved cattail-dominated wetlands are for phytoremediation.

Biomass production and NPK retention in macrophytes from wetlands of the Tingitan Peninsula

In 2018, Mariupol joined the Public Budget program, where local residents were invited to propose projects that would improve the city. When funded, these projects received funding from the city budget, a key step towards participatory decision-making in Mariupol. The article conducts a comparative study of the participation of Mariupol residents in the implementation of joint public initiatives, that is, which local problems were the projects of Mariupol residents aimed at solving. For this, a system of modern scientific methods of cognition was used for in-depth analysis of the chosen problem. In order to determine the likely directions of implementation of future initiatives, we conducted a survey among project authors who participated in the "Public Budget" competition, analyzed statistical data on the competition platform for 4 years, and based on the received data, made a forecast of the likely directions of future projects. Finally, the article argues that the key challenges that might arise in the process of planning the reconstruction of Mariupol are the following: trust in local authorities; selection of heritage sites to be restored together with critical infrastructure; protracted war; changes in the population structure of post-war Mariupol and problems with the housing stock. Mariupol is a Ukrainian city of regional importance in the Donetsk region. It is located in the southeast of Ukraine, close to the border with Russia. Mariupol is a climatic and mud resort on the shores of the Sea of Azov. In Soviet times and already after gaining independence, Ukrainian Mariupol was frequented by Russian tourists. This affected the way residents see the city and became the basis for the formation of conflicting political-ideological views. At the beginning of 2022, Mariupol had a powerful economic and intellectual potential, the city was the cultural center of the region with a historic central area. The post-2014 development of Mariupol was impressive, it was noted by everyone who visited the city. Especially those who came to the city from the occupied territories of Ukraine. Everything changed on February 24, 2022, after the start of a full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine. Now the city is destroyed. But we are confident in the victory of Ukraine and are already planning the reconstruction of Ukrainian Mariupol. There has always been a diversity of political views in Mariupol. This manifested itself at the end of 2013, when conflicts of views began in the city, among the residents there were those who supported Euromaidan and those who later went to Anti-Maidan rallies. Already in the spring of 2014, the city was under occupation. Militants of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic captured the city council building. As a result of anti-terrorist measures, the city, which was under occupation for a month, was liberated. These events defined the future of Mariupol. Currently, more and more Mariupol residents identify with the pro-Ukrainian vector of social development, but there were also those who were waiting for the return of "Soviet life". During this short period, from 2014 to 2022, Mariupol received many immigrants from the entire Donetsk region who wanted to live in free Ukrainian territory. Life in the city quickly began to recover. At the same time, the development of civil society began, thanks to international organizations and foundations, and people realized what power they have when they unite. The people of Mariupol became interested in democratic tools of influence on local authorities. Keywords: participatory budgeting, public budget, local self-government, civil society, participation budget.

Ecologic patterns and community succession are generally controlled by hydrologic mechanisms, especially for plant distributions which are sensitive to habitat conditions. The hydrology characteristics of ecosystems mainly influenced plant ecological processes in water and salinity changes. In this paper, we analyzed the composition and characteristic of natural plant community, divided the plant community classes and discussed the effect of water and salinity gradients on plant species and community classes in Ejina Desert Oasis. The results demonstrated that Populus euphratica, Tamarix chinensis and Phragmites communis were the most important plant species that had the highest important values among forest, shrubs and herbaceous. Six plant community patterns were classified by cluster analysis in Ejina Desert Oasis. Species richness and species diversity were the highest near West River and East River channels of the core oasis area. The distributions of plant community were mainly influenced by the following factors: distance from river channel, groundwater level, soil water content, soil salinity and groundwater salinity. The water and salinity factors, which controlled the distributions of plant, were the main driving forces for ecosystem succession. The plant community succession is becoming toward the type of shrub + herb or low shrub with very drought-tolerant from the type of forest + shrub + herb with tall and high water consumption, when habitat conditions change from good to poor. The water gradients had more significant and more directed effect than salinity gradients on plant species and communities.

A large number of macrophytes, often in dense populations, have developed on the Grliste Reservoir, Serbia over a period of 15 years. Fast development of vegetation is a consequence of anthropogenic impact in lake management. The methodology used in this research covered 100% of the water body, including all areas with or without aquatic plants. The results indicate that plant communities are still in the early phase of development. This leaves space for future development of competitor macrophyte species (Najas marina, Eleocharis palustris, Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, Phragmites australis, etc.) capable of endangering stability of the lake, which will tend toward eutrophication.

Cd and Pb concentrations were measured in water, sediment and plant organs collected from selective sites located along the Bogdanka river (Poznań, Poland) in the 2012 growing season. The aim of the investigations was to monitor changes in heavy metal (HM) concentrations in different media over the periods, as well as to evaluate potential of two littoral plants, Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia, for phytoremediation under natural conditions. Investigations revealed differences in HM concentrations in water and sediments. Higher values were observed in sediments than in water. The decrease in concentrations of both HMs in sediments was noted in two of the three selected water reservoirs during growing seasons, which suggests the possibility of their adsorption and accumulation by aquatic plants. Both investigated plant species accumulated ample amount of Cd and Pb in underground and aboveground plant tissues, however T. angustifolia revealed higher Cd translocation potential than P. australis. The latter revealed higher Pb accumulation in two lakes. Moreover, the translocation ratio was usually higher in spring, especially for Pb, in both plant species. Increasing level of pollution load index in sediment along the Bogdanka watercourse indicates accumulation of measured HMs.

The present study investigated the endophytic bacterial communities in the seeds of mature, natural common reed (Phragmites australis) and narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia L.). Additionally, seed endophytic bacterial communities were compared with rhizospheric and root endophytic bacterial communities using Illumina-based sequencing. Seed endophytic bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria (reed, 41.24%; cattail, 45.51%), followed by Bacteroidetes (reed, 12.01%; cattail, 10.41%), Planctomycetes (reed, 10.36%; cattail, 9.09%), Chloroflexi (reed, 8.72%; cattail, 6.45%), Thermotogae (reed, 5.43%; cattail, 6.11%), Tenericutes (reed, 3.63%; cattail, 3.97%) and Spirochaetes (reed, 3.32%; cattail, 3.90%). The dominant genera were Desulfobacter (reed, 8.02%; cattail, 8.96%), Geobacter (reed, 2.74%; cattail, 2.81%), Thiobacillus (reed, 2.71%; cattail, 2.41%), Sulfurimonas (reed, 2.47%; cattail, 2.31%), Methyloversatilis (reed, 2.29%; cattail, 2.05%) and Dechloromonas (reed, 1.13%; cattail, 1.48%). Obvious distinctions were observed among the respective rhizospheric, root endophytic and seed endophytic bacterial communities. Principal coordinate analysis with weighted UniFrac distance and the heat map analysis demonstrated that the seed endophytic bacterial communities were distinct assemblages rather than a subgroup of rhizobacterial communities or root endophytic bacterial communities. These results provide new information regarding endophytic bacteria associated with seeds of wetland plants and demonstrate a variety of genera that have a strong potential to enhance phytoremediation in the wetland ecosystem.