К реконструкции онтологии Ницше

Although the question of relationship between basic concepts of traditional ontology and central concepts of fundamental ontology is not a topic which is systematically dealt with in Being and Time, it is obvious that some of the theses which are crucial not only for Heidegger's interpretation of philosophical tradition, but also for the whole project of fundamental ontology, concern this 'conceptual scheme'. In fact, the backbone of Heidegger's critical confrontation with dominant philosophical conceptions is the question of relationship between the concept of 'substance' and the concept of 'Being', i.e. the discussion of philosophical doctrines in which 'Being' is reduced to 'substance'. Besides this context, which concerns the ontological problematics in the strict sense, it is possible to show that the refutation of the basic categories of traditional ontology is an issue which has a decisive role in more concrete phases of the realization of the project of fundamental ontology. This is especially confirmed in Heidegger's discussion of the concept of 'Being-There'. The interpretation of Heidegger's treatment of the relationship between the concepts of 'Being-there', 'existence' and 'existentials' on the one hand, and the concepts of 'substance', 'essence' and 'categories' on the other, shows that one of Heidegger's basic theses is that a transformation of concepts of traditional ontology is necessary for an appropriate understanding of human being.

Introduction.The article carries out a philosophical reconstruction of Eurasian anthropology based on the analysis of the theory of ethnogenesis by L. N. Gumilyov. In the conceptual developments of the classicist of Eurasianism, the motives of Nietzschean anthropology are explicated, which makes it possible to fit the Eurasian concept of man into the context of post-metaphysical philosophy. Theoretical analysis. The application of methodological principles and guidelines of philosophical comparative analysis allows us to reveal parallels between the basic concepts of the theory of ethnogenesis and the basic concepts of Nietzschean anthropology (the will to power, overman, eternal return). Conclusion. A comparative analysis allows us to conclude that the key point of both Nietzschean anthropology and the anthropological teachings of L. N. Gumilev advocates transgression, understood by the author as an ontological horizon opposite to transcendence. The article substantiates the thesis that the constitutive moment of understanding a person in the teachings of F. Nietzsche and the theory of L. N. Gumilev is the rejection of transcendence and the affirmation of the purely transgressive nature of human existence. The rethinking of the nature of the connection between Nietzschean anthropology and the heritage of antiquity is also carried out. It is concluded that Nietzsche’s appeal to antiquity was provoked by the situation of crisis in European metaphysics and Western Christianity. The thesis is substantiated that the crisis of metaphysical philosophy is at the same time the main motive for the Eurasians to turn to the East as a fundamentally non-European horizon of philosophical thought.

The basic conception of the work, the idea of eternal recurrence, the highest for mula of affirmation that can possibly be attained?belongs to the August of the year 1881 : it was jotted down on a piece of paper with the inscription: 6000 feet beyond man and time. I was that day walking through the woods beside the lake of Silvaplana; I stopped beside a mighty pyramidal block of stone which reared itself up not far from Surlei. Then this idea came to me.

The article is dedicated to the problem of “sacred time” and analyzes the variable relations between the sacred, time and history. Starting from the controversy with Mircea Eliade’s popular idea that sacred time represents the archetypal eternity opposed to profane duration, the author underlines extremely peculiar character of this idea and considers several others in order to show that this problem could be solved differently. In Durkheim’s theory the place of sacred time is occupied by collective “total time” as a social cycle that suppresses and incorporates all the individual cycles. In the theory of Hubert and Mauss the sacred reproduces itself in the ritual, which is based on natural cycles, i.e. revolution of the seasons. Bataille’s views on the temporal and historical dimensions of the sacred were constantly changing, so in the late 1930s he appealed to the time of “eternal recurrence” and then in his later works he consistently contrasted the sacred timelessness to the profane duration, which takes shape in the positioning of the instrument of labor and the distance between the goals and the means. Caillois equated the meanings of the archaic holiday and modern war, pointing to the evolution of the sacred in the recent history, and Girard regarded the sacred time as a kind of cyclic “loops” appearing in the ordinary time and believed that the Christian revelation deprives the sacred of its power and moves the history to apocalypse. All this allows the author to draw a conclusion about the relativity of sacred time as a concept and relativize it as a research tool.

This article engages with the population process of terminal concepts in the nuclear ontology of FunGramKB. The methodology employed is based on the COHERENT procedure. Our aim is to work on the subontology of #EVENTS by inserting some of the English and Spanish verbs of complain that have not been created yet. Although the basic concept +COMPLAIN_00 is lexicalized by units some units, lexical items such as boast, brag, object, reclamar, and clamar have not been included. These will be subordinates of +SAY_00 and described in COREL language. It is our purpose in this investigation to develop the terminal concepts of $BOAST_00, $DISAGRE_00, $OPPOSE_00, and $DISAPPROVE_00, which will complete the subdomain of complain verbs in these languages.

Ontologies are viewed as increasingly important tools for structuring domains of interests. In this paper we propose a reference ontology of business models using concepts from three established business model ontologies; the REA, BMO, and e3-value. The basic concepts in the reference ontology concern actors, resources, and the transfer of resources between actors. Most of the concepts in the reference ontology are taken from one of the original ontologies, but we have also introduced a number of additional concepts, primarily related to resource transfers between business actors. The purpose of the proposed ontology is to increase the understanding of the original ontologies as well as the relationships between them, and also to seek opportunities to complement and improve on them.KeywordsBusiness ModelEvent TypeActor TypeResource TypeOntology MappingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Some global bifurcations of two-dimensional endomorphisms by use of critical lines

The relevance of the study is caused by the need for scientific analysis of such a new tool for activating the development of the regions of Ukraine as smart specialisation. The article briefly reveals the formation of the concept of smart specialisation in Europe, analyses the controversial approaches to the interpretation of the essence of its basic concepts, identifies the fundamental difference between smart specialisation and other mechanisms to enhance regions development. The article describes the erroneous practice of implementing smart specialisation approaches only in industry, indicates the possibility and relevance of their use in different sectors of the economy. The expediency of realization of the smart specialisation concept in Ukraine is substantiated; the benefits for the regions from the implementation of its approaches are defined. The article characterizes the algorithm and methods of introducing smart specialisation, which include the analysis of economic and innovation potential of the regions, as well as the entrepreneurial discovery process. Quantitative criteria of specialisation coefficients used in Ukraine to distinguish areas of smart specialisation are defined. Based on the analysis of the Regional development strategies of the oblasts of Ukraine for the period up to 2027, a generalized table of their smart specialisation areas has been formed. The article reveals the peculiarities of smart specialisation areas in terms of regions of the country, the main ones being significant differentiation by quantity, dominance of industries related to processing of agricultural products and other biological raw materials, dependence of selected areas on existing specialisation of economy in the region. Based on the analysis of smart specialisation sectors, they were found to employ a small number of population (8-10%). Groups of regions of Ukraine with similar sectors of smart specialisation, which may be the ground for their active cooperation, have been identified. It has been established that Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Cherkasy and Chernihiv oblasts are currently registered on the European Smart Specialisation Platform (Platform S3). The advantages of smart specialisation, which make it an important tool for intensifying the development of the regions of Ukraine, are described.

El artículo analiza las dinámicas fronterizas desde el comienzo del siglo XX a través de una revisión bibliográfica apoyada en el análisis de datos cuantitativos y dos casos de estudio.La tesis central es que existe un conflicto entre las fronteras culturales y las político-territoriales, desafiando los límites geográficos reconocidos oficialmente. La frontera político-territorial es un fenómeno jurídico, una demarcación lineal que establece los límites espaciales dentro de los cuales el estado nación ejerce la soberanía de forma exclusiva, eficaz, autónoma respecto al exterior y bajo el reconocimiento de la legislación internacional. La frontera cultural es un fenómeno histórico que responde a hechos vitales y no a una construcción jurídica ni política ni intelectual. Podemos definirla como un área sociocultural habitada por una población que comparte una serie de elementos simbólicos, costumbres y valores. La gestión del conflicto entre los dos tipos de frontera depende de los desarrollos históricos que tienen lugar en el ámbito de las relaciones internacionalesNuestra tesis muestra que dichas dinámicas pueden articularse en torno a tres ejes. El primero está guiado por el auge del proceso globalizador y la consecuente apertura de fronteras. La apertura de fronteras puede definirse como el aumento en la porosidad de los símbolos, costumbres y valores compartidos en un área sociocultural respecto a los del exterior y/o la disminución de barreras al tránsito físico. Se le contrapone otro eje que lleva al cierre de fronteras, espoleado por los procesos de descolonización, la disolución de la URSS y el resurgir del nacionalismo. El cierre de fronteras se define como la disminución de la porosidad fronteriza o el aumento de las barreras al tránsito físico. El tercer eje está marcado por las disputas territoriales, fundadas sobre diferencias culturales, que llevan a intentar modificar las fronteras oficiales. La modificación de fronteras se da bien cuando un estado nación busca alargar la línea fronteriza que delimita el área bajo su soberanía o un grupo sociocultural trata de delimitar un territorio soberano frente al exterior, bien cuando un área sociocultural definida se expande o retrae sea por el auge o decline de su cultura sea por el del grupo humano que la representa.Los acontecimientos históricos para el análisis de los tres ejes citados provienen de fuentes bibliográficas, periodísticas y de bases de datos. Además, mostramos como la teoría se plasma en dos casos de estudio actuales, el independentismo catalán y el intento venezolano de crear un nuevo poder regional en el Caribe.

Bell & Howell Information and Learning: foreign text omitted. In sec 73 of the Beitrage, Heidegger argues that the abandonment of being (die Seinsverlassenheit) that characterizes the modern epoch is decided by modern science, and that therefore philosophical reflection on science is the only possibility philosophy to make the transition to another beginning. The Beitrage is a transitional moment Heidegger between his interest in science and nihilism first articulated in What Is Metaphysics? and his suggestion in and Reflection that reflection on the sciences is preparatory for the exhortation and consolation [Zuspruch] that our human race needs today.' In the former text, he argued that science is an irruption [Einbruch] by one being called 'man' into the whole of beings.2 Science was therein laid out not as a trivial pastime of human being, but as the definitive moment of Dasein the enquirer, the determination in modernity of both human being as knower and being that has withdrawn in the face of the frenzied activity of the scientific encounter with beings. Science is in the ambiguous position of wanting to know nothing of the nothing, yet of being forced back to the nothing in the attempt to express its proper essence. In the Beitrage, that developing thought is made explicit: reflection on the sciences offers the possibility of moving through nihilism to a new beginning thinking. Heidegger's thinking is both destructive and constructive. The Beitrage is a crucial text in which he first claims that reflection on science is the moment of destruction that will make new construction possible. Indeed, the Beitrage is significant Heidegger's critique of science in several ways. It serves as an often cryptic but nonetheless informative insight into his analysis of the ideology and methodology of modern science. First, there are two concurrent contrasts against modern science that run throughout his analysis. One is the historical contrast against other ways of knowing, that is, ancient science, ..., which Heidegger tends to treat only in terms of Aristotle, and medieval scientia. Also there is an on-going question as to the difference between history and physics. The Beitrage clarifies the role of such contrasts in analyzing modern science, and argues what the crucial differences are. Secondly, Heidegger confronts the issue of specialization. In his early work, the Husserlian analysis of regional ontology and basic concepts was an uncritical account of the logic by which the positive sciences are established. In the Rectoral Address, Heidegger now makes the critical claim that specialization leads to the fragmentation of knowledge, and he suggests that the role of philosophy in the university is the breaking down of the departmental barriers that institutionalize fragmented knowledge. In the Beitrage, he synthesizes these two moments of his thought by arguing that the Betriebscharakter of the sciences, its business as specialized research, is the necessary consequence of its representation of its objects. Thirdly, he raises the question of the mathematization of nature in the experimental method. Whereas previously, in Die Frage nach dem Ding, he argued that the mathematical is not simply the numerical but is that which is already known that the thinker brings to knowledge (BW, 273-78),3 in the Beitrige he looks rather at calculation in the experimental method, which measures, and he uses this methodological analysis to show that the scientific method is reductive of its object. Fourthly, in the Beitrage he looks at the relation between experiment and experience, and he concludes that the experimental method's claim to be empirical is deceptive since the need experimentation arises precisely because, left to itself, nature does not in fact behave in the ways it does in a laboratory. Hence the Beitrage is a significant moment in the development of Heidegger's philosophy of science. …

The statistical apparatus for analysis of raw data that was used in this investigation contains nothing new. Nonetheless, we think it advisable to state, if only in an elementary form, the basic statistical concepts and methods of analysis in a special section.

A pair of exercises that introduce undergraduate students to basic techniques and concepts of molecular biology and that are appropriate for classes with large enrollments are described. One exercise is a simple laboratory experiment in which chromatin is isolated from chicken liver and is resolved into histone proteins and DNA by ion-exchange chromatography. The other is a series of computer simulations that introduce DNA sequencing, mapping, and sequence analysis to the students. The final step of the simulation is submission of a sequence to a database on the World Wide Web for identification of the protein product of the gene.

The work is aimed at solving the problem of traffic jams that occur at complex intersections. The problem is considered using the example of the city of Kyiv. However, it remains relevant for residents of many large cities. In this article here we consider the issues of creating ontology. It will later become the basis for forming the knowledge bases of several intelligent traffic management systems intended for traffic management at typical intersections in large cities. The scheme of operation of the system, which is being developed for the situational control of a complex of traffic lights under conditions of stochastic uncertainty, is provided, and the scheme of its operation is shown. The basic ontology concepts, which are primarily necessary for the development of intelligent systems and technologies for managing traffic flows in large cities, have been determined. Structured and formalized basic concepts of the "Road traffic" domain, such as: "Road infrastructure", "Traffic participants" and “Traffic flow”. Further research is planned to be directed to the formalization of the concepts "Traffic conditions", "Control systems" and "Decision models", which are required for coordinated control of traffic light complexes at typical intersections. As well as the connections "Road infrastructure" –"Road users", "Road infrastructure" –"Control systems", "Road infrastructure" –"Traffic conditions", "Road users" –"Traffic conditions", "Road users" –"Control systems" and "Traffic conditions" –"Control systems" will be formalized.

This paper presents an approach for ontology translation in the O3F ontology framework and a concrete implemented agent that translates between ontologies expressed in OWL. In the O3F framework, ontology translation is a recursive process based on a mapping from the basic concepts of the object ontology to concepts of the target ontology. Using available mappings, it is possible to recursively translate compound concepts. The paper also presents a scenario where two agents using different ontologies interact with the ontology translation agent in order to communicate.

When Palantir Technologies customized the Gotham platform into POL-INTEL, a data integration and analysis platform purchased and used by the Danish police, it also enforced a new ontology that simultaneously shaped the police organization and policing practices. In this context, the concept of ontology should be understood in a twofold, albeit interconnected, way: it stands for its usual philosophical burden, but also refers to a centralized concept repository. In Computer Science, ontology refers to the basic concepts for how data is structured. Based on a series of interviews with Palantir engineers and police-officer users of POL-INTEL, this paper investigates what kind of politics, concepts, and bias in the form of data are inserted, processed and materialized in and by POL-INTEL’s ontology. We argue that POL-INTEL’s ontology is inherently political, as it is articulated by an assemblage of data, ideological positions, and economic concerns that are translated into the Danish context. POL-INTEL as a vector of platformization of police work also implies ideological choices with important consequences for the organizational life and accountability of law enforcement, establishing new distributions of skills between the platform and police officers.