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A “lifeline out of the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 crisis”? An ecofeminist critique of the European Green Deal

We are ever more connected, on a global scale, and our problems have no real borders, as we are increasingly aware in the ongoing discussions of the global climate and biodiversity crises. This collection brings together different vantage points on the interstitial relationship between these considerations. While the chapters in the volume are organized in three sections—perspectives on the climate crisis; concrete challenges of extinctions; and posthuman reconfigurations of human-nonhuman relations—this introduction traces other elements of continuity between the chapters: framing, vulnerability, and interconnectedness. We open by discussing how framing operates when considering climate crises and the nonhuman. Then, following Rachel Carson, we consider the notion of vulnerability, as we are faced with global problems of pandemic and climate crisis. This is shared—by human and nonhuman actors alike—but shared unequally and impacts disproportionately. The introduction highlights this phenomenon and draws connections along this axis. For, just as we are vulnerable, we are also interconnected, which is both a strength and part of our vulnerability. Our narrative responses to these challenges, paired with the goals of such a discussion, bring us back to the frame of the debate and frame the collection as a whole.

Introduction Amidst ecological collapse and environmental catastrophe, humankind is surrounded by indications that our habitat is turning against us in monstrous ways. The very environments we live within now evoke existential terror, and this state of ecological monstrosity has permeated popular media, including video games. Such cultural manifestations of planetary catastrophe are particularly evident in video game monsters. These virtual figures continue monsters’ long-held role in reflecting the socio-cultural anxieties of their particular era. The horrific figures that monsters present play a culturally reflexive role, echoing the fears and anxieties of their social, political and cultural context. Media monsters closely reflect their surrounding cultural conditions (Cohen 47), representing “a symptom of or a metaphor for something bigger and more significant than the ostensible reality of the monster itself” (Hutchings 37). Society’s deepest anxieties culminate in these figures in forms that are “threatening and impure” (Carroll 28), “unnatural, transgressive, obscene, contradictory” (Kearney 4–5), and abject (Kristeva 4). In this article I ask how the appearance of the monstrous within contemporary video games reflects an era of climate change and ecological collapse, and how this could inform the engagement of players with discourse concerning climate change. Central to this inquiry is the literary practice of ecocriticism, which seeks to examine environmental rather than human representation in cultural artefacts, increasingly including accounts of contemporary ecological decay and disorder (Bulfin 144). I build on such perspectives to address play encounters that foreground figures of monstrosity borne of the escalating climate crisis, and summarise case studies of two recent video games undertaken as part of this project — The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (Nintendo EPD) and The Last of Us Part II (Naughty Dog). An ecocritical approach to the monsters that populate these case studies reveals the emergence of a ludic form of ecological monstrosity tied closely to our contemporary climatic conditions and taking two significant forms: one accentuating a visceral otherness and aberrance, and the other marked by the uncanny recognition of human authorship of climate change. Horrors from the Anthropocene A growing climate emergency surrounds us, enveloping us in the abject and aberrant conditions of what could be described as an ecological monstrosity. Monstrous threats to our environment and human survival are experienced on a planetary scale and research evidence plainly illustrates a compounding catastrophe. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a relatively cautious and conservative body (Parenti 5), reports that a human-made emergency has developed since the Industrial Revolution. The multitude of crises that confront us include: changes in the Earth’s atmosphere driving up global temperatures, ice sheets in retreat, sea levels rising, natural ecosystems and species in collapse, and an unprecedented frequency and magnitude of heatwaves, droughts, flooding, winter storms, hurricanes, and wildfires (United Nations Environment Programme). Further human activity, including a post-war addiction to the plastics that have now spread their way across our oceans like a “liquid smog” (Robles-Anderson and Liboiron 258), or short-sighted enthusiasm for pesticides, radiation energy, and industrial chemicals (Robles-Anderson and Liboiron 254), has ensured a damaging shift in the nature of the feedback loops that Earth’s ecosystems depend upon for stability (Parenti 6). Climatic equilibrium has been disrupted, and growing damage to the ecosystems that sustain human life suggests an inexorable, entropic path to decay. To understand Earth’s profound crisis requires thinking beyond just climate and to witness the interconnected “extraordinary burdens” placed on our planet by “toxic chemistry, mining, nuclear pollution, depletion of lakes and rivers under and above ground, ecosystem simplification, vast genocides of people” which will continue to lead to the recursive collapse of interlinked major systems (Haraway 100). To speak of climate change is really to speak of the ruin of ecologies, those “living systems composed of many moving parts” that make up the tapestry of organic life on Earth (Robles-Anderson and Liboiron 251). The emergency that presents itself, as Renata Tyszczuk observes, comprises a pervasiveness, uncertainty, and interdependency that together “affect every aspect of human lives, politics and culture” (47). The emergence of the term Anthropocene (or the Age of the Humans) to describe our current geological epoch (and to supersede the erstwhile and more stable Holocene) (Zalasiewicz et al. 1036–7; Chang 7) reflects a contemporary impossibility with talking about planet Earth without acknowledging the damaging impact of humankind on its ecosystems (Bulfin 142). This recognition of human complicity in the existential crisis engulfing our planet once again connects ecological monstrosity to the socio-cultural history of the monstrous. Monsters, Jeffrey Jerome Cohen points out, “are our children” and despite our repressive efforts, “always return” in order to “ask us why we have created them” (20). Ecological monstrosity declares to us that our relegation of greenhouse gases, rising sea levels, toxic waste, species extinction, and much more, to the discursive periphery has only been temporary. Monsters, when examined closely, start to look a lot like ourselves in terms of biological origins (Perron 357), as well as other abject cultural and social markers that signal these horrific figures as residing “too close to the borders of our [own] subjectivity for comfort” (Spittle 314). Isabel Pinedo sees this uncanny nature of the horror genre’s antagonists as a postmodern condition, a ghoulish reminder of the era’s breakdown of categories, blurring of boundaries, and collapse of master narratives that combine to ensure “mastery is lost … and the stable, unified, coherent self acquires the status of a fiction” (17–18). In standing in for anxiety, the other, and the aberrant, the figure of the monster deftly turns the mirror back on its human victims. Ecocritical Play The vast scale of ecological collapse has complicated effective public communication on the subject. The scope involved is unsettling, even paralysing, to its audiences: climate change might just be “too here, too there, too everywhere, too weird, too much, too big, too everything” to bring oneself to engage with (Tyszczuk 47). The detail involved has also been captured by scientific discourse, a detached communicative mode which too easily obviates the everyday human experience of the emergency (Bulfin 140; Abraham and Jayemanne 74–76). Considerable effort has been focussed upon producing higher-fidelity models of ecological catastrophe (Robles-Anderson and Liboiron 248), rather than addressing the more significant “trouble with representing largely intangible linkages” between micro-environmental actions and macro-environmental repercussions (Chang 86). Ecocriticism is, however, emerging as a cultural means by which the crisis, and restorative possibilities, may be rendered more legible to a wider audience. Representations of ecology and catastrophe not only sustain genres such as Eco-Disaster and Cli-Fi (Bulfin 140), but are also increasingly becoming a precondition for fiction centred upon human life (Tyszczuk 47). Media artefacts concerned with environment are able to illustrate the nature of the emergency alongside “a host of related environmental issues that the technocratic ‘facts and figures’ approach … is unlikely to touch” (Abraham and Jayemanne 76) and encourage in audiences a suprapersonal understanding of the environmental impact of individual actions (Chang 70). Popular culture offers a chance to foster ‘ecological thought’ wherein it becomes “frighteningly easy … to join the dots and see that everything is interconnected” (Morton, Ecological Thought 1) rather than founder before the inexplicability of the temporalities and spatialities involved in ecological collapse. An ecocritical approach is “one of the most crucial—yet under-researched—ways of looking into the possible cultural impact of the digital entertainment industry” upon public discourse relating to the environment crisis (Felczak 185). Video games demand this closer attention because, in a mirroring of the interconnectedness of Earth’s own ecosystems, “the world has also inevitably permeated into our technical artefacts, including games” (Chang 11), and recent scholarship has worked to investigate this very relationship. Benjamin Abraham has extended Morton’s arguments to outline a mode of ecological thought for games (What Is an Ecological Game?), Alenda Chang has closely examined how games model natural environments, and Benjamin Abraham and Darshana Jayemanne have outlined four modes in which games manifest players’ ecological relationships. Close analysis of texts and genres has addressed the capacity of game mechanics to persuade players about matters of sustainability (Kelly and Nardi); implicated Minecraft players in an ecological practice of writing upon landscapes (Bohunicky); argued that Final Fantasy VII’s plot fosters ecological responsibility (Milburn); and, identified in ARMA III’s ambient, visual backdrops of renewable power generation the potential to reimagine cultural futures (Abraham, Video Game Visions). Video games allow for a particular form of ecocriticism that has been overlooked in existing efforts to speak about ecological crisis: “a politics that includes what appears least political—laughter, the playful, even the silly” (Morton, Dark Ecology 113). Play is liminal, emergent, and necessarily incomplete, and this allows its various actors—players, developers, critics and texts themselves—to come to

Mental health and climate change: tackling invisible injustice

Objectives Human activities have caused major impacts on Earth’s climate systems. Aptly called the climate crisis, severe, pervasive, and irreversible impacts are occurring around the globe. Complementary multidisciplinary strategies that will result in successful mitigation of and adaptation to Earth’s rapidly changing climate are needed, now more than ever. Education and human development play, and will continue to play, a fundamental role in mitigating and adapting to this crisis. Method This special issue aimed to present educational and developmental research addressing the climate crisis. The included papers emerged from a call to a communities of researchers investigating relations between humans and Earth’s climate. All articles in this special issue underwent a process of robust peer review to ensure that only high-quality research was included. Results A total of twelve articles are included in this climate crisis special issue, showcasing educational and developmental psychology research that help address the current global climate crisis from the perspectives of mitigation and adaptation. Conclusions These articles present a meaningful array of findings from many who are doing important research about climate change understanding and action. This climate crisis special issue reflects what the community can do when collaboration is more purposeful, sustained, and systematic.

The purpose of this study is to suggest a community disaster resilience model to become a sustainable society in the era of climate crisis. The climate crisis not only has a direct impact on human life, but also has a wide and severe impact on various environments surrounding humans. In fact, all spheres that make up or surround a community are affected. For example, all areas such as politics, economy, society, culture, nature, science and technology, medical health, military, and safety of a country or region are being forced to change by the climate crisis. If we refuse to change due to the climate crisis or do not accept a new paradigm, the very survival of human society will be threatened. In order to secure community disaster resilience, it is necessary to improve resilience at individual, community, and environmental levels. Efforts should be made to improve good health (psychological &amp; physical health), quality familyship, and financial stability at the individual level. At the community level, economic growth, social capital, and cultural inclusion, and at the environmental level, infrastructure recovery, government function, and nature restoration.

Music therapy in the era of climate crisis: Evolving to meet current needs

This book presents an accessible and easy-to-follow argument that the climate crisis is a side effect of inequality and injustice, and demonstrates how strategies such as large-scale social investment will prove far more effective in reducing greenhouse gas pollution than cap-and-trade or other forms of free-market environmentalism. Solving the Climate Crisis through Social Change: Public Investment in Social Prosperity to Cool a Fevered Planet offers a new approach to battling the climate crisis, arguing that the massive waste that caused the current environmental crisis resulted not only from fundamental structural flaws in markets but also from social inequality, lack of democracy, and a deeply flawed foreign policy. Rather than providing the typical doomsday perspective, it offers realistic optimism about the expanding climate crisis, highlighting the convergence between the necessary steps to save the planet and what needs to be done to improve the lives of Americans. The author's discussion of the United States's role in the climate crisis spans subjects as varied as the 17th-century forests of New England, the evolution of housework over 200 years, the American addiction to the automobile, the lettuce fields of California in the 1970s, and the Guano wars in 19th-century Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. This book will appeal to a wide range of readers, from the interested general public to students, academics, professionals, and other experts. The main section presents a clear and accessible survey of the economic, social, and political causes of the climate crisis, accompanied by potential solutions, while extensive appendixes offer in-depth and technical discussions.

The Geosciences for a Sustainable Planet network is an initiative reinforced by the recent integration of the Spanish Geological Survey (IGME) and the Oceanographic Spanish Institute (IEO) within the Spanish Scientific Research Council (CSIC). The network is aimed to provide Geosciences in Spain with a collaborative framework, to maximize synergies and address sustainability and future challenges with a planetary perspective. The network shares the strategic vision for the study and care of planet Earth as the only home available for our future, as embraced by many international organizations (e. g. the European Geosciences Union (EGU), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), and the European Marine Board (EMB)).In Spain, Geosciences have played a fundamental role in properly assessing, managing, and seeking solutions for several natural and anthropogenic crises, e.g. the oil spill after the sinking of the Prestige petroleum vessel, the dumping of toxic mine sludge in Aznalc&amp;#243;llar, the eruption of the Cumbre Vieja volcano in La Palma island, the 2011 earthquake of Lorca, the environmental collapse of the Mar Menor oastal lagoon, or the decline in the groundwaters of Do&amp;#241;ana National Park. Geoscientists have engaged as first responders with government agencies in emergency situations. Besides, geosciences is providing essential knowledge for public administration, as well as energy and mineral resources companies, water supply, contamination and waste elimination and reuse, and adaptation to geological and natural hazards. The network will enhance the capacity of the CSIC to respond to both, societal and public administration demands.Geosciences also provide the temporal and spatial scale to place current climate and environmental crises in the appropriate context. The network will implement outreach activities to illustrate the interactions of surface processes and biosphere with climatic fluctuations, atmospheric CO2 variations, sea-level changes, biodiversity collapses, etc, during the evolution of life on Earth over millions of years. We believe an essential aspect of science's contribution to sustainability is improving the communication of trans-disciplinary knowledge to citizens, future generations, administrations, and companies so they can take informed decisions. The Geoscience network will focus on outreach actions, training new generations of Geoscientists and technology and knowledge transfer.The Geosciences network seeks to facilitate the integration of research groups in the disciplines of Earth Sciences to improve our knowledge of the planet's geological processes across temporal scales ranging from millions of years to instrumental observation. This integration of basic and applied knowledge will enable Geosciences to provide tools to address the social challenges of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Among them, we have selected four main areas: (1) energy and ecological transition, (2) access to water and geological resources, (3) mitigation and adaptation to geological hazards and risks, and (4) tools for solving environmental and climate crises. We believe that Geosciences network will offer the spatial dimension (from local to planetary) and temporal insight (natural variability beyond the human scale) to provide a common framework with a global, integrative, transversal, and multidisciplinary vision to tackle these challenges.

Offline: Extinction or rebellion?

<i>How to Think about the Climate Crisis: A Philosophical Guide to Saner Ways of Living</i>, by Graham Parkes

İklim krizi, insan haklarını ihlal eden ve bu hakları doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkileyen küresel bir çevre sorunudur. İklim krizinin insan hakları üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini önlemek için devletlerin ayrım gözetmeksizin tüm insanların haklarına saygı gösterme, haklarını koruma ve teşvik etme yükümlülüğü vardır. İklim krizinin neden olduğu insan haklarına yönelik zararları önlenmesi hususunda gerekli ve yeterli önlemlerin alınmaması da bu yükümlülüğü ihlal eden bir unsurdur. İklim krizine ve bu krizin etkilerine karşı oluşturulan hak temelli yaklaşım iklim krizine karşı evrensel temel haklara dayalı bir müdahalenin yapılması gerektiğini savunur ve iklim krizinin temel haklara verdiği olumsuz etkileri mümkünse ortadan kaldırmayı hedef edinir. Çalışma bu kapsamda iklim rejimini oluşturan temel hukuki metinlerden yola çıkarak hak temelli yaklaşımın rolünü ve önemini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, insan hakları ve iklim krizi arasındaki ilişki ortaya konularak sorunla mücadelede hak temelli yaklaşımın önemi vurgulanmış ve her bir hakkın iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeleye önemli bir temel sağlayacağı öngörülmüştür. Çalışmada iklim krizine hak temelli yaklaşım temelinde bakmanın iklim rejiminin vazgeçilemez bir ilkesi olması gerektiği ve bu anlayışın iklim rejiminde daha iyi bir temele yerleştiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

The climate crisis and the policy measures intended to address it have become deeply polarized, reflecting broader political divisions. While emotions are increasingly acknowledged as central to policymaking, they are still often framed in policy debates as obstacles to rational decision-making. This persists despite substantial scholarship in political psychology showing that emotions are integral to rationality. This research note introduces the concept of political emotions – emotions shaped by and embedded in power relations, interests, values, and the interplay between rationality and affect – to argue that analyzing more carefully how emotions are framed in policy debates is essential for addressing polarized policy-making around the climate crisis and beyond. By foregrounding political emotions as a conceptual and analytical tool, we can uncover how they intersect with policy narratives, revealing the deep connections between the climate crisis and broader issues of justice and exclusion. Moreover, we can show how engaging with political emotions in the analysis of policy debates can help bridge communication and trust gaps between policymakers and citizens, highlighting the need for a more nuanced emotional engagement in public discourse. To advance this understanding, we propose a multi-perspective and interdisciplinary approach to political emotions, bringing together valuable insights from sociology, political science, and communication studies. We see such an endeavor as a continuation of Harold Lasswell’s original vision for the policy sciences; one that is empirically grounded, normatively aware, and publicly engaged. We aim to offer a conceptual and analytical toolkit for policymakers, civil society actors, and social movements navigating the emotionally charged terrain of the climate crisis and contemporary policy conflicts.

This study is a literature review aiming to give a summary of the effects that the current anthropogenic caused climate crisis has on the biogeography and environment, and further give examples of likely future adaptations and needed conservation work. This study is based on scientific articles, primary from Web of Science and Google Scholar. The biodiversity is under pressure due to climate changes, the average species extinction is currently two to three orders of magnitude higher than the normal background extinction, and faster than the rate of origination. This development follows the predictions of The Red Queen Hypothesis that every species must constantly evolve due to environmental changes in order to avoid extinction. The natural environments are changing due to e.g. increased extreme weather events and ocean acidification. The increased heating is causing drought, and adaptations of the biota is needed, like more drought resistant flora and fauna with the ability to undergo estivation. The increased oceanic acidity can cause the shells of calcifying organisms to dissolve. These organisms will need to either spend energy on increased calcification or develop in a way so they can carry out live with lesser calcification. If organisms cannot develop, they are likely to migrate to colder regions. In the ocean this means towards polar areas and to greater depths, and in the terrestrial environment it is pole wards and to greater altitudes. Conservation is needed, and there are multiple options. Ex situ might be the only option for species whose natural habitat will be forever gone if the development of the climate change continues as present. To carry out conservation to infinity is unrealistic, and we are at a point where climate change is threatening our food security. It is possible to both slow down the current climate crisis and counteract its consequences.

This article explores the roots of environmental changes in the history of the Dutch colonization of Indonesia. It analyzed how the Dutch colonial exploitation, which was based on trade capitalism and later industrial capitalism, drove the re-organization of nature and integrated it into the world market system. As a result, it brought about systematic and structural deforestation, transforming the landscape of many parts of Indonesia. However, the state of deforestation raised concerns about environmental degradation as it is entangled with the importance of sustainability in extracting natural resources. From that point, the colonial environmental awareness paradigm was embarking. This article shows how the Dutch colonization and exploitation system directly led to significant environmental changes accumulated in the current climate crisis. Nevertheless, on the other hand, it also drove environmental awareness.