杜甫詩史與《春秋》書法——以宋代詩話筆記之詮釋爲核心

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
 稱美杜甫詩爲“詩史”，始於晚唐孟綮《本事詩》。推崇安史之亂前後杜甫所作敘事詩，以爲富於“推見至隱”之《春秋》書法，識見超拔，可謂杜詩知音。杜甫《祭遠祖當陽君文》，贊揚遠祖杜預：“《春秋》主解，稿隸躬親”，感慨“鳴呼筆跡，流宕何人”？文中杜甫既以“不敢忘本，不敢違仁”自惕自勉，發爲詩歌，遂多“推見至隱”之《春秋》書法。諸如微婉顯晦、據事直書、褒貶勸懲、諱言諱書等，宋代詩學討論之“詩史”論述，杜甫敘事歌行，多有具體而微之體現。本論文考察杜甫詩史，專取《春秋》書法爲視角，援引20餘首杜甫敘事歌行爲例，結合65則宋代詩話筆記，8則明清詩話之論述，借鏡兩宋《公羊》學、《左傳》學之理論，聨結經學、史學，與文學作一學科整合之探討。同時類比白居易、元稹、韓愈、李商隱等有關楊貴妃、馬嵬坡諸詩篇，以見宋人以《春秋》書法論詩之一斑。從此可見《春秋》與詩，皆杜甫“吾家事”，於是詩與《春秋》相表裏，而蔚爲詩史之特筆書寫。
 Meng Qi’s Ben Shi Shi (本事詩) began to praise Du Fu’s poetry as “Shishi” (詩史) in late Tang. Meng praised highly for Du Fu’s narrative poems during An Shi Rebellion (安史之亂), and affirmed it’s “represent the obvious to the concealed” and Chun Qiu Shufa (《春秋》書法). He was indeed a transcendent insight and the expert of Du’s poetry. Du Fu “Ji Yuan Jie Dangyang text” (《祭遠祖當陽君文》) commend his ancestor Du Yu: “Chun Qiu is mainly for explanation, Personally writing draft”, sighed “Wuhu handwriting, who owns it?" In the text, Du Fu encouraged and alerted himself as "Not forgetting his roots, not disobeying illegally” for poetries. Chun Qiu Shufa of “Represent the obvious to the concealed” like the Song Dynasty poetics called “Shishi”, Du Fu's XuShiGexing (敍事歌行) almost showed Specifically such as implicit declare obscurely, traightforwarded recording according to events, praised good belittled evil, Said and written indirectly etc. This paper inspects Du Fu’s ‘‘Shishi”, detailed others neglected, varied different from the same. Chun Qiu Shufa of Du Fu's XuShiGexing inspected 60 of Song Dynasty Shihua (詩話) and Biji (筆記), expositions of 6 of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Shihua. To learn northern and southern Song the theory of Gong Yang study (《公羊》學) and ZuoZhuan study (《左傳》學), linking the morality, historiography and literature, discussed the integration of subjects for a study. To analog Bai Juyi (白居易), Yuan Zhen (元稹), Han Yu (韓愈), Li Shangyin (李商隱) s’ various poems about Yang Guifei (楊貴妃), Ma WeiPo (馬嵬坡), understood Chun Qiu Shufa reflected poems.