ЕКСПОРТ АГРОПРОДУКЦІЇ ЗА ВИДАМИ ТРАНСПОРТУ

Abstract

In the conditions of martial law, the importance of export of agricultural products is increasing, as Ukraine remains an agrarian country and guarantees the food security of the world. Therefore, the research of various aspects of agribusiness remains relevant. The article used a set of different methods of scientific knowledge, namely logical, descriptive, system-structural and others. An essential-conceptual analysis of the term “logistics” was carried out based on approaches to considering this concept at the macro- and micro-levels. The expediency of using a general approach to the definition of the term “logistics” is substantiated, as it covers a wider range of content. The significant role of innovations, technologies and information flows for improving the quality of logistics systems is noted. The definition of the term “agrologistics” has been formed, which takes into account the specifics of the agro-industrial complex. One of the special characteristics of logistics in agriculture, unlike other industries, is that the efficiency of logistics systems of agribusiness entities depends on the degree of continuity of management, organization and flow control processes and the level of digitization of these processes, as well as on the development of logistics infrastructure. The export of agricultural products by means of transport is outlined, with an analysis of the factors and conditions for choosing sea, rail or road transport. The conditions of international trade according to Incoterms are described. Detailed requirements and rules based on EXW (Ex Works), CPT (Freight/Carriage Paid Before), FCA (Free Carrier), DDU (Delivery Duty Free), DAF (Delivery to Border), FOB (Free on Board) and they are distributed by types of transport. The current state of export of agricultural products by types of transport in Ukraine is assessed, the important role of sea transport in agribusiness is determined. The main tasks facing agro-enterprises to improve the state of agro-logistics and boost exports have been formulated. Transport costs make up the largest share of export costs, therefore, the establishment of agro-logistics policy, the search for new strategies and solutions can give an impetus to the development of agricultural business entities of Ukraine. A conclusion was made about opportunities and threats for the further development of agribusiness in Ukraine.