Людський розвиток як чинник солідарності

This study aims to determine the effect of economic freedom and national income per capita of the human development index. Countries will be classified into 4 groups according to the classification in the HDI are very high human development (with an HDI of 0788 or above), high human development (with an HDI of 0677 to 0.784), medium human development (HDI of 0488-0669), and low human development (HDI of less than 0488). The analysis method used in this study is a model of data panel to investigate the influence of Economic Freedom and Income per capita of the HDI. The results showed that for the group of countries very high human local development per capita income is only significant effect on the HDI, for the group of countries High human development and medium human development only economic freedom that affects the HDI, while the low human development group showed that income per capita and Economic Freedom does not affect the HDI.

This paper critically examined how human capital development could be a strategy or a catalyst for sustainable development in the Nigerian education system. The presentation by necessary implication involved an examination of the concepts of human capital development, sustainable development, quality education and of how an interplay between these can lead to the attainment of sustainable development in the Nigerian Education System. The educational implications are numerous and notably amongst them are provision of on-the-job training, improved infrastructure and proper manpower planning as improper manpower planning results in unemployment and underemployment. The paper was concluded by recommending that to ensure quality and sustainable development in the education system in Nigeria, the government in collaboration with the curriculum designers should ensure that students are trained to be more skilful and independent. More so, the dimensions to quality education and human development such as equity, contextualization and relevance, child-friendly teaching and learning, sustainability etc. should not be taken for granted as this will ensure achievement of sustainability in the education system in Nigeria. Key Words : Quality education, Human Capital Development, Economic Growth, Functional Education, Sustainable Development

The relevance of the human development study in the context of mobile processes is substantiated. The difference between human development and the level and quality of life, well-being, human resources development, and sustainable development is determined. Problematic aspects of human development in Ukraine are analyzed. Negative economic determinations of human development in Ukraine intensify mobile processes, which is confirmed by the migration situation. The country's economy is becoming dependent on migration, which creates numerous risks of socio-economic and political nature. It is necessary to develop the conceptual foundations of human development policy in a highly mobile society for their leveling. Such a policy is proposed to be considered as a set of measures aimed at forming a favorable internal environment of human life with respect for the rights and freedoms of choice and movement, preserving the possibility of return and protection of citizens regardless of location. An appropriate concept for the formation of human development policy in a highly mobile society in Ukraine should be developed. The concept should combine three blocks of goals: general provisions of security, principles of regulation of movements, which apply to all categories of mobile persons, the purpose of which is to preserve social unity in conditions of a highly mobile society by increasing its spiritual and informational mobility; internal mobility with the aim of ensuring the redistribution of human potential according to the peculiarities of regional development, the high-quality infrastructure of internal movements for the formation of flexible relational human space, as well as direct and indirect impact on mobility through improving the human development environment (output vector). The latest paradigm of human development of a highly mobile society should be formed on the basis of the concept implementation in the ideological plan at the national level.

Previous studies have confirmed the position that higher education is a sine-qua-non for human capital development and economic growth. The 2014 rebasing of Gross Domestic Product made Nigeria the 26 th largest economy in the world and the biggest in Africa. Recently, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) pronounced Nigeria again as having the largest economy in Africa. Yet Africa’s largest economy faces a myriad of challenges, such as high prevalence of poverty, unemployment, underemployment, youth unemployment, huge infrastructure deficits, income and social inequalities. However, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has its goal 8 as “promoting sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all” by 2030. Based on this background, this paper proceeds to examine how human development can translate to inclusive economic growth. It focuses mainly on enhancement of human capabilities which is one of the key drivers of inclusive growth. It assesses the status and performance of the indicators of human development in Nigeria and compares the outcomes with that of the emerging and developed nations. Utilizing secondary data and descriptive statistical analytical tools, the paper finds out that the indices of human development and the knowledge economy recorded higher values in the emerging and developed countries than what exists in the developing countries. The paper therefore recommends the urgent need for policy makers to formulate appropriate policy mix that will ensure increase in investment in human capital and all indices of human development and knowledge economy. This is expected to be via improvement in quantity and quality of education in general and higher education in particular for individuals to contribute to and benefit from economic growth. Key Words: Human Development, Human Development Indices, Inclusive Growth and Knowledge Economy Indices.

Previous studies of the relationship between economic freedom and human development have generally used either life expectancy, literacy rates, or subjective well-being as indicators of human development. These indicators tend to measure only some aspect of human development, ignoring other important attributes. For example, life expectancy alone is not an adequate indicator because a long life plagued by disease, malnutrition, and poverty does not constitute human development. To overcome these shortcomings the present paper uses an all-encompassing measure—the human development index—and two other less commonly used indicators: infant and maternal mortality rates. Thus, the paper analyzes the effect of economic freedom on these three indicators of human development in a sample of 88 countries. The paper uses economic freedom index constructed by the Fraser Institute and Human Development Index of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Conditional Quantile regression method is used to address the differential impacts of economic freedom across the distribution of human development. The results show that the effect of economic freedom varies across quantiles of the human development index, infant mortality, and maternal mortality. At lower quantiles of infant mortality the effect is small (-3.72 at the 0.10 quantile) and larger at the upper quantiles (-8.88 at the 0.90 quantile). To put these effects into perspective, for every country whose infant mortality rate is at the 10th percentile, a unit increase on its economic freedom index can be expected to reduce infant mortality by 3.7 deaths per 1,000 live births. For countries at the 90th percentile of infant mortality, it would reduce by 8.9 deaths per 1,000 live births. Concerning maternal mortality, the effect also varies across the quantiles from -6.59 at the 10th quantile to -36.55 at the 90th quantile. Thus, at the 10th percentile, a one-unit increase on the economic freedom index would only reduce maternal mortality by roughly 6.5 deaths per 100, 000 live births, while at the 90th percentile it would reduce maternal mortality by 36.5 per 100, 000 live births. At lower quantiles of the HDI distribution, economic freedom tends to have a pronounced effect and then levels off from the middle to upper quantiles. The opposite is true for infant and maternal mortality rates. The policy implication of these findings is that countries that have the least human development have the most to gain from improvement in economic freedom.

This paper investigates whether nationalism fosters human development and global peace. Nationalism is a political ideology that strives to unite people to give birth to nations underpinning common identities, including religion, race, culture, or language. Nationalism is based on psychology rather than logic. The core question is whether nationalism gives birth to nations or makes human development. Human development leads to peace. This means that giving birth to nations and the human development of its people are distinct political phenomena. To explain the distinction between two phenomena, the paper distinguishes two kinds of nationalism: negative nationalism and productive nationalism. Negative nationalism embraces the non-cosmopolitan approach, which divides humanity into different nations and creates political hatred among them. Most supporters of negative nationalism humiliate, exploit, discriminate, torture, and exclude people of other nations. This kind of nationalism is inconsistent with human development and global peace. In contrast, productive nationalism is consistent with cosmopolitanism which supports cooperation among people within and outside their states. Productive nationalism promotes self-respect, freedom, dignity, equality, and solidarity in society. Productive nationalism cultivates human development and peaceful co-existence among people. So, this paper repudiates negative nationalism and promotes productive nationalism, which fosters cooperation among people across the world.

<span>This study aims to determine the effect of economic freedom and national income per capita <span>of the human development index. Countries will be classified into 4 groups according to the <span>classification in the HDI are very high human development (with an HDI of 0788 or above), <span>high human development (with an HDI of 0677 to 0.784), medium human development <span>(HDI of 0488-0669), and low human development (HDI of less than 0488). The analysis <span>method used in this study is a model of data panel to investigate the influence of Economic <span>Freedom and Income per capita of the HDI. The results showed that for the group of <span>countries very high human local development per capita income is only significant effect on <span>the HDI, for the group of countries High human development and medium human <span>development only economic freedom that affects the HDI, while the low human <span>development group showed that income per capita and Economic Freedom does not affect <span>the HDI.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>

The main purpose of the proposed paper is analysis of the current status and general trends of human development of Ukraine and selected indicators characterizing it. The methodology of the research draws upon the system-structural analysis and the methods of comparison, analysis, generalization and synthesis. The descriptive method and the method of scientific systematization were also used. Results. The four main components of the human development paradigm according to the 1995 Human Development Report are described, namely: productivity, equity, sustainability and empowerment. The essence of key indicators included in the system of measuring and monitoring human development is generalized, namely: average life expectancy at birth; the level of knowledge, measured by the average number of years spent on adult education and the expected years of study for first-graders; gross national income per capita in US dollars. The current state of human development in the world is analyzed, a rating of countries with the highest and lowest human development index during 1990-2018 is developed and the main causes of disparities in the level of human development between countries are identified. The countries with the largest increase and decrease in the human development index during the studied years are selected. The place of Ukraine in regional and global rankings is described. The dynamics of the human development index of Ukraine and neighboring countries during 1990-2018 is analyzed. The key issues that led to the economic, financial and political crisis and, consequently, the decline of the human development index in Ukraine since independence, including the global financial crisis of 2008 and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the occupation of the territory of the eastern regions of the state (Donetsk and Luhansk regions) are highlighted. The scientific novelty consists in the revelation of the actual features of human potential development and its individual indicators in Ukraine and in the world. The dynamics and the current state of development of the components of the human development index of Ukraine are determined. A comparative assessment of the dynamics of human development of Ukraine and neighboring countries is given. The practical significance lies in the fact that the main provisions and conclusions of the paper can be used in further in-depth studies of the problems and prospects of human development in Ukraine.

This paper empirically examines the on political, civil and economic that, a country can have a high degree of civil freedom, and a high degree of economic without any political freedom, but can not have any political if it does not have some degree of civil and economic freedom. Using panel data of five SAARC countries over the period 1995-2011, the dynamic panel data econometric techniques and Granger-causality tests validated the regarding economic and political freedom, but regarding civil and political the reverse is found true. estimates of the empirical model using UECM show that economic has significant short-run and long-run effects in improving the political in the SAARC region.Keywords: Political Freedom, Civil Freedom, Economic Freedom, Dynamic Panel DataJEL classification: F49, O5, P5(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. INTRODUCTIONThe world has experienced unprecedented democratic wave during the last four decades that Samuel Huntington (1993) called the Third Wave of democratization. revolution of that began in the 1970s was amplified by the collapse of Communism in the 1990s and the widespread acceptance of the economic policies of the Washington consensus. This boom reversed the earlier trend toward state intervention and socialism, which began to take hold at the beginning of the twentieth century (Rosa and Vanssy, 1995). boom has been observed in political democracy and freedom, and civil and economic which have been accompanied by a movement towards competitive markets, liberalization, and the globalization of previously closed economies. This as Milton called The Tide Is Turning.1Milton in his famous book Capitalism and Freedom (1962) made one of the most influential arguments for economic liberalism at a time when the ideas of liberals (in the traditional sense) were distinctly unfashionable. world-wide shift from autocracy toward civil and economic and democratization has led to substantial research on the interrelationship between various freedoms. In Capitalism and Freedom, sought to establish an argument about the interconnectedness of economic and political freedom, known as liberal hypothesis or Friedman hypothesis which asserts that economic is an indispensable means towards achievement of political freedom. According to (1962, p. 10) History suggests only that capitalism is a necessary condition for political freedom. Clearly it is not a sufficient condition.With the development of the relationship between economic and political freedom, a third category of has been added to the mix in the subsequent years, namely social or civil freedom. himself has argued for the need of such addition in a number of lectures.2 He said, I've grown increasingly to think that we need to make three classifications (of freedom) instead of two: economic freedom; social or civil freedom; and political freedom. ... You can have a high degree of social freedom, and a high degree of economic without any political freedom. What's not clear is whether you can have any political if you don't have some degree of the other freedom (2002, p. 17). This is the new version of the Hypothesis.This paper aims to offer evidence concerning the direction of the trichotomic causation between measures of economic, civil and political freedom, and examines whether Freidman's New Hypothesis holds in case of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC), using panel data set of five SAARC member countries over 1995-2011 period. South Asia, a region of about 23 percent of global population having only 2 percent of global income, finds itself in the midst of significant economic, political and social transformation since the early 1990s. …

The current study aims to analyze how the decisions governments make when applying a trade policy based on the economic freedom of emerging countries affect economic growth and human development because there is still no consensus on the most appropriate trade policy. This was achieved through panel data analysis that included information from 53 emerging countries in Latin America and Asia, corresponding to 2013 to 2022. It was found that economic freedom influences human development, but not significantly. However, this has a positive impact on economic growth. This study provides information to better explain political models focused on the free market and thus improve decision-making for governments regarding the quality and standard of living of emerging countries' populations. Based on institutional theory, this study generates new knowledge to understand how economic freedom and the human and economic development of emerging countries are related.

The Scheduled Tribal communities in India today face significant underdevelopment due to policies and practices initiated during British colonialism, which began their exclusion and marginalization. The aim of the current study is to frame the first ever Human Development Index (HDI) of the tribals from the Karnataka state exclusively using primary data from 50 Scheduled Tribals. The data collected data from 1,255 tribal households focused on three basic human development indices: health, education and livelihood. This is the second effort in India after the state of Kerala in 2010. The study has provided a human development ranking both tribal- and district-wise. In the case of education, tribals such as the Yarava, Nayaka, Panniya, Meda, Malai Kudi, Gonda, Raj Gonda, Kuruba and Marathi have achieved a high level of educational status in the state. In terms of health, the Yarava, Paradi, Malaikudi, Gonda, Harni Shikar, Rajgonda, Kuruba and Takri Koli tribals have shown good health achievements. For the standard of living index, the Nayaka, Paradi, Malaikudi, Gonda, Harni Shikari, Rajgonda, Takri Koli and Kuruba have achieved a good standard of living index in Karnataka. Regarding the HDI ranking, Bangalore Rural, Kolara and Chikkaballapura districts have secured the first three places, while Hassan district is in the last position. In terms of tribal-wise human development ranking, Kuruba, Nayaka and Meda have taken the first three positions, respectively. The study concludes that despite slightly better scores than the state average in health and education, forest-based tribals are highly backward compared to their counterparts and need more urgent policy attention.

Fuzzy ranking of human development: A proposal

Formulation of the problem. Conducting cross-country comparisons of human capital development dynamics enables the identification of country rankings based on the ratio of their components. Comparing the results obtained using different metrics enables the objectification of the state of human capital development in countries, based on the use of various indicator systems. The aim of this research is to conduct cross-country comparisons of human capital development in order to identify its priority areas for Ukraine's post-war economic recovery. The objective of the research is to examine qualitative parameters of human capital in a cross-country comparison. The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological foundations for measuring the quality of human capital and the areas of state regulation that should contribute to socio-economic development in Ukraine's post-war reconstruction. The methods of the research: abstract-logical, graphical, comparative analysis, statistical, and generalisation. The research hypothesis was that cross-country comparisons in conditions of openness of global economic subsystems objectify the measurement of qualitative parameters of human capital development, the state of which is an important factor in Ukraine's post-war recovery. The statement of basic materials. The peculiarities of the interpretation of the concept of ‘human capital’ by leading international institutions and the peculiarities of the methodological principles of its measurement are revealed. The analysis showed that Ukraine maintained a ‘High HDI’ in the 2nd group of the inter-country ranking in the period 2020-2023, which is ensured by its 87th position in the ‘High HDI’ in the Human Development Index (HDI) 2023 ranking system (75-124 ranking places); 53rd place in the ‘High HDI’ category in the 2020 Human Capital Index ranking system (28-73 ranking places); 63rd place in the ‘High HDI’ category in the 2024 SPI (AITI Global Social Progress Index) ranking system (31st-70th place). A comparative analysis was carried out of the structure of the main indicators of the population's life, indicators of the population's education, the impact of the distribution of GNI in Germany, France (positions 5 and 26 in the ‘Highest Group’ of the HDI in the world) and Ukraine (position 87 in the ‘High Group’ of the HDI). This demonstrated the feasibility of adapting foreign experiences on ways to ensure sustainable human capital development in the European Union. The difference between the indicators of EU countries and Ukraine is a development program based on the components of the Human Development Index for Ukraine. Priority areas for human capital development in the context of Ukraine's post-war recovery have been identified. The originality and practical significance of the research are determined by the use of metrics for measuring the quality of human capital based on its structural and functional analysis, which makes it possible to rank countries according to the level and/or potential of human capital development. Comparing the methodological approaches used enables the conduct of accurate cross-country comparisons that objectively assess the level of human capital development. These comparisons can be utilized by various stakeholder groups to inform decisions on planning human capital development in countries and companies. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. To effectively overcome post-war challenges in the development of Ukraine's human capital, it is advisable to focus on priority areas, including the reintegration of internally displaced persons in Ukraine and external migrants who have left Ukraine since 2022; the implementation of state programmes to provide educational support; state promotion of the digital economy and attraction of investment in human capital; the development of state programmes to support the rehabilitation of persons with military injuries into civilian life; financial support for human capital development through educational reforms, medical rehabilitation and economic growth. Prospects for further research include macro-oriented behavioral manifestations of the human factor in crisis conditions, which will enable the identification of behavioral tools to guide the country's sustainable socio-economic development during post-war recovery.

The quality of education is a pillar of human resource development which is very important for national development. The Child Friendly Pesantren Program (PRA) is one of the efforts made to improve the quality of Islamic boarding school education. This research is important because so far the quality of pesantren education has only been studied on aspects of learning related to the academic field which have an impact on certain aspects. The purpose of this study was to identify and understand the strategy for improving the quality of education at the Serambi Mekkah Integrated Islamic Boarding School through the child-friendly pesantren program. In addition, to find out the impact or implications of implementing a child-friendly pesantren program on the quality of education. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by means of data collection, data coding, data classification, data reduction, and data exposure. The results showed that the strategy carried out included several stages, namely: Formation of a child-friendly boarding school implementing team, conducting program socialization, human resource development (teachers and staff), Building collaboration, Fulfilling indicators for child-friendly pesantren components, Implementing a monitoring and evaluation process, and Responsive to inputs for improving child-friendly school programs. The program's implications for the quality of education can be seen in three aspects, namely teachers, students and institutions.

The quality of education is a pillar of human resource development which is very important for national development. The Child Friendly Pesantren Program (PRA) is one of the efforts made to improve the quality of Islamic boarding school education. This research is important because so far the quality of pesantren education has only been studied on aspects of learning related to the academic field which have an impact on certain aspects. The purpose of this study was to identify and understand the strategy for improving the quality of education at the Serambi Mekkah Integrated Islamic Boarding School through the child-friendly pesantren program. In addition, to find out the impact or implications of implementing a child-friendly pesantren program on the quality of education. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by means of data collection, data coding, data classification, data reduction, and data exposure. The results showed that the strategy carried out included several stages, namely: Formation of a child-friendly boarding school implementing team, conducting program socialization, human resource development (teachers and staff), Building collaboration, Fulfilling indicators for child-friendly pesantren components, Implementing a monitoring and evaluation process, and Responsive to inputs for improving child-friendly school programs. The program's implications for the quality of education can be seen in three aspects, namely teachers, students and institutions.