ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ СИДЕРАТОВ В ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИИ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЯ

Abstract

The results of research on the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers are presented. It was found that the highest content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was in winter rye plants grown using slanted and full siderates. The minimum content of nutrients was in winter rye plants grown using an occupied pair. The maximum grain yield was obtained by cultivating winter rye using pure steam with the use of mowing siderate and sideral steam. On a non-fertilized background, it amounted to 3.27 t/ha and 3.25 t/ha, respectively, and on a fertilized background, 4.12 t/ha and 4.08 t/ha. The grain from these variants had the maximum crude protein content. In terms of the effectiveness of the effect on the yield and grain quality of winter rye, the mown siderate was not inferior to the full sideral fertilizer. The study of the use of siderates in the sowing form showed that during the autumn period, peas and mustard accumulated the largest biomass, and rapeseed accumulated the least. The largest amount of nitrogen 33 kg/ha was accumulated in the biomass of peas, and phosphorus 6 kg/ha and potassium 36 kg/ha by the biomass of white mustard. The least amount of nutrients accumulated in the biomass of rapeseed. Sowing of sideral crops had a positive effect on the formation of yields and improving the quality of winter rye grain. The yield of winter rye grown without sowing siderates and without fertilizing was 2.32 t/ha. The increase in the variant with seeded vetch was 0.47 t/ha, with seeded mustard - 0.37 t/ha and with seeded peas - 0.40 t/ha. The sowing of spring rapeseed did not lead to a significant increase in the yield of winter rye. Nitrogen fertilization of winter rye during the spring tillering phase provided an increase in grain yield by 0.62 t/ha. Against the background of top dressing, the sowing of vetch provided an increase in grain yield of 0.48 t/ha, white mustard – 0.39 t /ha, seeded peas – 0.32 t/ha. There was no reliable increase from the sowing of spring rapeseed.