СФЕРА ТУРИЗМА ВО ВРЕМЯ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19

Economic Vulnerabilities and Livelihoods: Impact of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 in Fiji and Vanuatu

The aim of the article is development of an approach to the formation on the basis of marketing of the tourist image and brand of the region for the development of domestic tourism in the period and after the pandemic COVID-19 with the prospect of further entry into the international market of tourist services. Analyses. The global pandemic COVID-19 has negatively affected the entire world economy. The tourism sector has suffered greatly from it. More than a hundred countries have imposed restrictions on entry into their territories, which has reduced their revenues from the tourism industry. This has led to significant losses, as the share of tourism in the economy of foreign countries is about 10% (international average). One of the most effective measures to correct the negative trends in the field of tourism is the development of domestic tourism, which should compensate for the losses caused by reducing the flow of foreign tourists. In countries with developed tourism, their share is up to 90%. Ukraine's tourism industry is less dependent on foreign tourists, accounting for about a third of the total. However, domestic tourism can not only provide rapid results that will offset the current losses, but will also prepare for the development of international tourism after the recession of the COVID-19 pandemic. In view of the above, there is a problem of finding ways to develop domestic tourism in Ukraine with the prospect of strengthening the position of the domestic tourism industry in the international market of tourist services. Based on statistics, it is shown that the development of domestic tourism can not only compensate for the curtailment of revenues from international tourism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also prepare for the recovery of the international tourism services market after the recession of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main components of the tourist potential of the regions of Ukraine are specified. The approach to assessing the feasibility of developing certain types of domestic tourism in specific regions of the country has been improved, based on their tourism potential, the state of tourism infrastructure, existing market opportunities and threats, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its practical approbation is executed. The structure of the tourist image of the region has been clarified. The range of communication tools for the formation of the tourist image and brand of the region is outlined. Conclusions and directions for further research.The obtained results form an approach to the development on the basis of marketing the tourist image and brand of the region for the development of domestic tourism during the pandemic COVID-19, and in the future after the end of quarantine restrictions - to enter the international market of tourist services. Further research should be aimed at developing methodological approaches to management by formalized procedures (taking into account factors of incomplete certainty and risk), formation and promotion of the tourist image and brand of the regions of Ukraine in both domestic and international markets

The issues of activity of enterprises of the tourism sector in conditions of quarantine restrictions are investigated. The thesis about the relevance of developing a number of anti-crisis measures that would help stabilize the development of these enterprises is substantiated. The aim of this work is to study the issues of stabilizing the functioning of enterprises in the tourism sector under quarantine conditions. The article presents the thesis that the tourism industry is considered one of the most dynamic industries in the world economy and international trade in services. In the modern world, tourism is economic activity related to the movement of a person outside the permanent place of residence, his recreation with health improvement, raising the level of culture and education. The author of the article states that over the past two decades, the indicators of the development of the tourism sector have been characterized by positive indicators, the number of countries participating in international tourism has expanded, and the scale of tourist arrivals and international tourist receipts has grown every year. Unfortunately, the coronavirus pandemic has made significant adjustments to the functioning of the tourism sector at all levels (global and regional). Indeed, the coronavirus pandemic, which began in China at the end of 2019 and spread throughout the world, has become the biggest challenge and threat to all countries since World War II. The article substantiates that this negatively affected the inbound and outbound tourism markets on a global scale. Thus, the uncertainty of the further development of the situation, the occurrence of obstacles to the normal implementation of travel, restrictions on movement, the concern of mankind to preserve their own health and safety have caused the crisis and an increase in the volume of losses of travel companies. The focus of the article is concentrated on the analysis of the negative consequences of the aggravation of the epidemic situation for the world economy. The article emphasizes that for each country it is extremely important to take a number of measures to minimize the consequences of quarantine restrictions on the activities of tourism enterprises. Within the framework of this study, the author emphasizes that the main criterion for the restoration of the tourism sector should be the achievement of an optimal balance between security, health and economic interests. The article proposes recommended measures to stabilize the tourism sector in Ukraine and minimize losses as a result of the pandemic. The complex of such measures includes: – continuation of the policy of canceling the obligations to pay income tax and VAT for accommodation facilities, catering; – government support and stimulation of domestic rail and air traffic (government subsidies for the cost of tickets); – gradual introduction of permission to organize open terraces, sites for cafes, restaurants (while maintaining all the necessary safety measures for health protection); – аctivation of measures for digital transformation of the domestic tourism sector; – introduction of a transparent mechanism for the use of funds received in local budgets from the tourist tax exclusively for the development of domestic tourism and related infrastructure. The authors emphasize that today there is no doubt about the need to activate the processes and measures to overcome the harmful effects of the pandemic on the tourism sector of the domestic economy. We emphasize that the nationwide implementation of all anti-crisis levers, consistency and consistency in the implementation of all measures will contribute to their speedy stabilization of the development of tourism entities and their achievement of the level of economic efficiency of their activities. Keywords: tourism, tourist flows, quarantine, epidemic risks, pandemic, Covid-19, «Roadmap for the competitive development of tourism in Ukraine», development of the tourism sector.

Issues of modern aspects of the functioning of the tourism sector of the world and Ukraine are studied. The factors of negative impact of the Covid pandemic on the tourism industry are revealed. The aim of the work is to study measures to ensure anti-epidemiological stability and full functioning of the tourism sector in the face of rapidly changing and unpredictable global situation. The article argues that the tourism industry is considered one of the most dynamic industries in the world economy and international trade in services. In the modern world, tourism is an economic activity associated with the movement of a person outside his permanent place of residence, his recreation with better health, raising the level of culture and education. The author of the article states that the Covid pandemic has hit the tourism industry. Practically, we can say that the tourism industry has stopped. According to experts, the current crisis of tourism can rightly be considered too severe in history. The article emphasizes that none of the experts in the field of tourism does not assume when the collapse of the tourism industry will end, because it all depends on improving the situation with the disease and lifting the ban on travel. At present, most countries in the world are only tightening quarantine restrictions. Uncertainty about the lifting of travel bans makes it impossible to develop tactical and strategic plans for the development of the tourism sector. The author emphasizes that the domestic tourism business is in dire need of state support. Unfortunately, due to the crisis, it does not have such support. The projected global economic recession, the general decline in the level of well-being of our compatriots, and thus their minimization of spending on recreation - together can have an even more devastating effect on the tourism sector. Researched by UNWTO measures to mitigate the Covid pandemic in tourism. The content of the measures of the All-Ukrainian Federation of Employers in the field of tourism of Ukraine to prevent complete stagnation of the tourism sector is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the formation of a new information society, digitalization of tourism. Undoubted advantages of VR-tourism are: reduction of risks of probability of infection in travels; possibility to get acquainted with cultural and natural monuments, museum expositions, tourist routes online; saving time and money for consumers; the ability to make virtual trips at any convenient time. The article emphasizes that the tourism industry is forced to adapt to significant changes in consumer demands, as well as to adapt to rapidly changing epidemiological circumstances. To prevent a complete collapse, the tourism business must be flexibly transformed, ensuring its functioning and overcoming the crisis. The article proposes the main transformational changes in the tourism industry, necessary to ensure the functioning and overcoming of crisis phenomena. These are: domestic tourism, the predominance of individual tourism and tourism in small groups, the growing popularity of ecological (green) tourism, the emphasis on travel safety, ensuring compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards. The authors emphasize that today there is no doubt about the need to intensify processes and measures to overcome the detrimental impact of the pandemic on the tourism sector of the domestic economy. It is purposeful, coordinated, consistent anti-crisis measures that can rehabilitate the economic sphere, including the tourism business. Based on the main priority - safe operation, the tourism industry must actively open new opportunities for its activities in order to stabilize their activities and prepare for successful operation in the post-quarantine period.

It traces the development of the latest trends for the Study of the development of sustainable tourism inUkraine, as well as the conditions and means of effective inclusion ofUkrainein the international tourism market on the basis of the concept of sustainable tourism. Analysis of research areas and approaches to the study of sustainable tourism development inUkraine. The basic perspective of Ukrainian scientific community for the development and importance of tourism inUkraine. InUkraine, the issue of sustainable development is discussed since1992. Asignificant scientific achievements that laid the basis for the new benchmark of the country on the basis of a post-industrial economy. The issue of the nature and principles of the main factors of melting of the tourism industry dedicated to the research of V. G Gerasimenko, O. Dobrovolsky, G. A Zayachkovskoyi, G. V. Kazachkovska, A. Litvinova, N. D. Sviridova, D. I. Ostap'yuk, T. I. Tkachenko et al. Scientific basis of the national strategy forUkraine's transition to sustainable development principles are based on the peculiar state of geopolitical, geographical, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental features. For the development of tourism industry ofUkraineon the basis of sustainable tourism as there is a need to develop new and innovative approaches.One of the main research areas among Ukrainian scientists was to develop the concept of sustainable tourism development. Under the concept of sustainable tourism development means a system of ideas that defines a common plan of development policy area. A. V. Litvinova main elements of the concept of sustainable tourism development in Ukraine considers the methods and tools of government regulation that need to be harmonized with indicators of sustainable tourism. Platform for developing a sustainable production is a tourism product , sustainable lifestyle of local communities and sustainable consumption. And according N. D. Sviridova , this concept must take into account all the strategic priorities and objectives of tourism development are important areas and facilities set goals. The concept should be fully reflective of the position of the region on the strategy of tourism development in the long term and include specific measures for its implementation. GV Kazachkovska in turn believes that the sustainable development of tourism and resort areas is possible when there is a balance between the preservation of natural, historical and cultural resources, economic interests, social needs and development of tourism, and provided favorable conditions for the formation of high-quality national tourist product. Among the fundamental work on the development of sustainable tourism inUkraineshould provide monograph T.I. Tkachenko. The book on a wide source base covers theoretical, methodological and applied problems of tourism development on the basis of dialectical, system and functional approaches. The necessity of consideration of tourism as a complex system in the unity of the social, economic and environmental components, the genesis of which is further based on the concept of sustainability. Committed to sustainable development of the country and its regions imposes a set of requirements to the existing quality of the environment and address the problem of interaction between nature and society. The concept of sustainable development, including the region determines the relevance of such a system that would ensure a balanced model of relations between environment, different types of economic activities and socio- economic interests of different groups. Therefore, a number of studies approaches to strategy development recreational region considering the environmental component . This study G.M. Aleinikova, N .M. Wetrovoj, O. Hulych et al. Of great importance for the development of sustainable tourism has an active policy. This includes support and development of tourism industry, the development of tourism infrastructure , creating conditions for increasing the attractiveness of regions for foreign and domestic tourists , improving the quality of tourism services , ensuring their complexity. Investigation of the role of government in regulating the tourism industry is the subject of research by many local scientists. Key aspects of the formation and functioning of state regulation of the tourism industry, the development and improvement of its study areas reflected in the scientific works of local scientists such as A. V. Vinogradov, L. Donchenko, K.V. Zhadko, S. G. Zakharov, A. H. Ilyashenko, Y. Kozlovsky, O. Melnichenko, N. I. Ostap'yuk and others. Thus we can note that recently in Ukrainian society considered all possible implementation strategies for sustainable tourism development. In particular, reveals strategic goals of sustainable development businesses in the tourism sector. The economic and social feasibility of ecotourism technologies for sustainable development of the tourism industry, geographic grounded approach to recreation and tourism of nature, the conceptual foundations of a market mechanism for managing recreational potential. Almost all scientists agree that the sustainable development of tourism inUkrainemust improve the use of resources, training of personnel in the tourism industry, transport infrastructure, reduce seasonality and spatial disparity in the distribution of tourists increase the financial performance of the tourism industry, to give a significant attention to the relationship between environmental management and sustainable tourism, etc.

Introduction. The tourism industry plays a significant role in the development of the national economy. For some countries, tourism is the main source of income. The tourism sector creates new jobs, stimulates the development of other sectors of the economy, increases labor productivity through recreational functions, increases turnover within the country with domestic tourists, and creates conditions with outside tourists. The purpose of article is study of the current level of state support for the tourism industry of the country, identification of shortcomings and further prospects for state regulation of the development of the tourism sector of Ukraine. Results. The article examines the state of the tourism market in Ukraine at the moment, highlights the main factors hindering the development of the tourism sector in modern conditions, substantiates the relevance of using tourism development programs in the region. The description of complex programs of tourism development of the region and the process of their creation is carried out. The state of development and implementation of programs for the tourism sector development of the region in the Volyn region and the city of Lutsk is studied, the problems of its implementation in connection with the global economic crisis in the world are highlighted. Promising directions for the development of domestic tourism are proposed in connection with the reduction of population mobility. Conclusions. The tourism sector is an important component of the economy because it stimulates the development of other sectors. In modern conditions, there are obstacles to the development of tourism in Ukraine. That is why the state must regulate and stimulate the development of the tourism sector. The best method of such incentives is to create regional development programs that will allow the comprehensive implementation of measures aimed at stimulating the development of the tourism industry. The tourism industry has been hit hard by the global crisis. There are also problems with the implementation of tourism development programs in the regions. However, with the decline in international population mobility, new prospects for the development of domestic tourism have emerged that require further research. Key words: tourism, tourism sector, tourism development program of the region, tourist infrastructure, Volyn region.

The tourism industry remains one of the largest economic sectors in the world in terms of both employment creation and contribution to the global economy. However, the industry is sensitive to external shocks such as natural and/or human-induced disasters. This book documented the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global tourism industry. This chapter (also serving as a policy brief) presents emerging key findings and conclusions, as well as policy recommendations that are embedded within the Sendai Framework of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and management. Drawing from past disasters, the emphasis is placed on building back better (BBB) global tourism systems post-COVID-19. The decision to pivot the chapter on the DRR and management framework that embraces the BBB concept is informed by the inevitable new global normal. The new global normal is characterised by increasing and more intense disasters across all spatial levels, from a local to a global scale, which normally results in severe negative impacts on all economic sectors as experienced during the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami in 2004 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019/2020. This orientation is further informed by the futuristic thinking that incorporates matters of building resilience and adaptation to disaster risks within the tourism industry. Therefore, the chapter provides the tourism industry and its key stakeholders with both immediate ideas for quick and big wins post-COVID-19 recovery pathways and future ideas to build resilience that permits adaptation of the tourism industry to future disasters. The development of globally accepted protocols enhancing health and safety, especially for the tourist and those working in the tourism and related industries, is recommended. Should these measures be fully upheld, then international travel, which is critical in the tourism sector, may resume sooner rather than later, with spill over effects on exciting domestic tourism too.

Purposes.The article aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the situation in the world and Ukraine during the pandemic, as well as to develop practical measures to rehabilitate the tourism sector from the effects of the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors suggest that the reduction of the negative effects of COVID-19 on the tourism industry is possible through the support of state institutions of the tourism industry and the development of the domestic tourism and recreation sector with elements of rehabilitation measures after coronavirus. Design/methodology/approach. To achieve the goals, objectives in the article the authors used a set of scientific methods that ensured the conceptual integrity of the study, in particular: methods of statistical and comparative analysis, which allowed to objectively assess the level and dynamics of the impact of quarantine measures on the world economy; tabular method - to illustrate the results of empirical research to study negative trends. Comparative research methods were also used to study the world experience of eliminating the effects of Covid-19 on the tourism industry; abstract-logical and system-structural - during the proof of the hypothesis. Conclusions. Tourism is a sector of the economy that is highly profitable and has made a significant contribution to filling local budgets and increasing annual GDP in general. It should also be noted that the tourism industry is closely intertwined with various industries and the negative impact of quarantine restrictions, as well as negatively reflected on them. The statistics analyzed in the paper indicate that this industry has suffered the most due to the introduction of quarantine measures, which has prompted the tourism company to quickly join the new conditions and reorient its activities. So, to support the tourism and related sectors of the economy, expanding pandemics and reducing its effects, the authors, first of all, propose to develop an internal tourism and recreation market, create conditions for the formation of a new innovative rehabilitation direction in the recreation complex and psycho-emotional state after coronavirus disease, which is carried out with important consequences. Originality/value. The authors have put forward a benefit and now need an idea for the rehabilitation of patients after coronavirus, as a result of which the consequences of the disease are sometimes important and require an appropriate rehabilitation period. The articles substantiate the need for support from state institutions of the tourism industry during pandemics and the authors propose to compile a tourist and recreational area of responsibility for the organization of rehabilitation conditions after treatment of coronavirus. Practical implications. The fact that the issue addressed by the article is necessary and adaptation in quarantine is important for every enterprise, especially for tourism enterprises, and the problem is not fully explored. Thus, the research and analysis conducted in the articles are relevant and requires detailed study and formation of new areas of tourism development, the formation of complex aspects of improvement and adaptation of tourism in a pandemic. Responsibly important support from government agencies in the tourism industry will promote the intensive development of the domestic tourism and recreation sector with elements of rehabilitation measures after coronavirus disease.

In Georgia, even today, in the post-pandemic period, the tourism business is quite relevant. The increase in tourist flows in the country has given rise to the prospect that the share of the tourism sector in the economy will increase, which is fully in line with the 2025 vision of the Georgian Tourism Strategy. The point to note here is that more attention should be paid to the quality and variety of visitors rather than the quantity of visitors. In the 2025 "Tourism Strategy of Georgia" plan, which was developed in previous years and 2015 is taken as the base period, it is planned that the income from tourism should increase (from the existing 1.9 billion US dollars) to 6.6 billion US dollars. The share of the tourism sector in the GDP should be 7.9%. Increasing the average amount spent by visitors from the current $300 to $600. as well as increasing the average length of stay to 7 nights and doubling the number of visitors from the high-paying markets of Western Europe, Asia and North America. Priority tourism activities in the country are: increasing state and private investments in the field of tourism; improvement of the business environment in order to promote the increase of the number of visits, foreign and local investments; attracting visitors from high-paying markets by means of effective marketing and information campaigns, as well as stimulating domestic tourism; Increasing competitiveness by offering world-class tourism services; Creating unique and authentic offers in tourism using natural and cultural heritage resources. In the development of the country's tourism sector, the development of domestic tourism has gained great importance in the recent period. A number of measures were implemented during the pandemic period and in the subsequent period to stimulate domestic tourism. The total number of domestic tourism visits in 2021 amounted to 16.9 million, which is +35.8% more than in the same period of the previous year, such a sharp increase is also due to the fact that in previous years, the tourism seasons during the pandemic period were unsuccessful. According to the data of the National Bank, in 2021, Georgia received approximately 1.2 billion USD from international travel, which is 130% higher than the 2020 figure, and 62% lower than the 2019 figure. Tourism is a priority direction for Georgia. In the pre-pandemic period, the number of international visitors and, accordingly, the income from international travel increased every year. Restoring the tourism sector is an important precondition for overcoming the crisis. In the post-pandemic period, the development of tourism in Georgia, as well as around the world, has an undeniably great perspective, as evidenced by the data of the World Tourism Council. The travel and tourism industry is one of the fastest growing service sectors in the world. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), in 2021, the contribution of this industry to the total GDP amounted to 5.8 trillion USD (+21.7% growth compared to the previous year) and contributed to the creation of 289 million jobs. After taking into account its direct and side effects, the contribution of the mentioned sector to the development of the world economy is as follows: 6.1 % of the world GDP, one place for every 11 jobs. From all of the above, we can conclude that: 1 from those countries, from which it is possible to attract high-paying tourists to our country, air and other means of transport should be simplified. 2. In order to attract high-paying tourists, it is necessary to properly arrange destinations and relevant events. 3. Internal transport networks should be improved to ensure free movement of visitor flows in the country. 4. It is also necessary to improve the quality of visitor services, so that tourists will have the desire to travel to our country again and again.

The tourism sector is one of the sectors which is most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The business fields related to the tourism sector, Accommodation and Food & Beverage and Transportation and Warehousing were included in the sector whose most affected by COVID-19 in.terms of declining consumer demand and declining income. This study aims to get an overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment conditions in the tourism sector; especially, in the Java-Bali region. The data sourced from big data scraping results from online job vacancies sites and the secondary data obtained from official statistics which had released by BPS. By using the descriptive analysis method, it is found that the COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on decreasing the number of job advertisements in the tourism industry in the Java-Bali region. Furthermore, there was a clear association between the decrease in the number of job advertisements, especially in the Accommodation and Food & Beverage sector with the stringency index of governments’ policies which have designed to stop the spread of COVID-19. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has also led to a decrease in the tourism industry’s contribution to total job advertisements.

Relevance. Our country presents a unique variety of socio-cultural traditions in different regions, ethnic groups and tourist routes in several climatic zones. The sudden COVID-19 pandemic left its mark on the functioning of the Russian tourism industry during this period. Managing the development of domestic tourism in Russia with the creation of new routes through unique natural and ethnocultural places is especially important in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.The purpose of the study is to identify tools for managing the development of the Russian tourism industry.Objectives. To achieve this goal, the author studied state programs for the development of the tourism industry, modern sociological scientific approaches to the study of the regional image, key indicators of the development of the tourism sector, conducted five focus groups with a youth audience.Methodology. In the course of work on the study, the author used the method of systemic and structural-functional approaches to the consideration of the regional image, key indicators of tourism development, as well as the focus group method.Results. During discussions in five focus groups, the author proposed a list of tools for the development of the travel and hospitality industry and new routes for Russians to travel.Conclusions. The Russian Federation has tremendous opportunities for the multifaceted disclosure and development of the tourism industry. The COVID-19 pandemic, which led to the closure of the borders of other states, has become another factor making it possible for Russians to open up new places within the country. For the integrated development of the Russian tourism industry, global and local solutions and tools are needed to support the development of the industry.

Introduction. Ukraine has all preconditions for innovation-driven development of domestic and overseas tourism. Increasingly growing needsand demands of tourists have causeda constant search of new types of tourism products and the best positions in the tourism market.Problem Statement. The economic factors are the most significant ones for ensuring innovation-driven development of tourism and for building a capacity for tourism industry growth, but, at the same time, they are a problem (because of low personal income and standards of living, as well as a low demand of foreigners for tourism services in Ukraine).Purpose. To study the main problems and to identify prospects for innovation-driven development of tourism industry as one of major trends in Ukraine’s economic development.Materials and Methods. The following methods have been used: the abstract-logical method to define the main aspects and to make conclusions of the research; the dialectic method to analyze the research and publications reflecting different views on innovation-led development of tourism industry; the comparative method to analyze the indexes affecting the development of Ukraine’s tourism industry,the number of tourists served by tourism operators and tourism agencies by the types of tourism; the correlation method to determine the relationship between the indexes of tourism development and the indexes of Ukraine’s economic development.Results. The authors have discussed the problemsof innovation-driven development of Ukraine’s tourism industry in terms of economic, political, ecological, institutional, and technological factors of growth. They have evaluated the impact of these factors on tourism industry. The study has characterized the cost structure of the tourism entities in terms of services of third-party organizations involved in the creation of tourism products. The correlation between the standards of living (GDP per capita) and tourism flows has been established. The authors have identified promising trends in innovation-driven development of tourism in Ukraine. The use of correlation matrix has allowed determining the fact that the level of domestic tourism development and the capacity for involving foreign citizens in the context of the country’s tourism attractiveness depend on economic factors, in particular, onGDP per capita.Conclusions. The number of Internet users showing digital skills and the ability to use online-services of this industry is an important factor of the impact on innovation-driven development of the tourism sector. Global stress related to the Covid-19 pandemic has become a stimulus for the development of new technologies based on computerization, automation, and robotization.

Purpose: the aim of the article is the role and influence of tourism on the development of the economy at all levels of the economic system (example: Republic of Crimea). The article considers the methodology for analyzing the indices of social and economic growth in the branch of the Republic of Crimea. The role and influence of tourism on the economy is considered. Tasks of the article: analysis of the works of foreign and domestic scientists on the role and influence of tourism on the development of the economy; to conduct an analysis of the sectoral structure of the gross value added of the Russian Federation; describe the growth of socio-economic indicators; identify the stages of the methodology for analyzing the indicators of the social and economic growth of the tourist industry; to give an analysis of indicators characterizing the socioeconomic growth of the tourist industry of the Republic of Crimea; construct the dependence of the amount of declared amounts of investment projects on the number of tourists who visited the Republic of Crimea. Methods: the dialectical method of scientific cognition was applied in studying the role and influence of tourism on the development of the economy, calculation and analytical methods for monitoring, measuring, analyzing and comparing indicators that characterize the social and economic growth of the tourist industry of the Republic of Crimea. Results: in modern conditions, the development of the tourism sector, as a source of sustainable development of the state economy, acquires priority development. The tourism industry has a huge impact on the economy of the region, being the locomotive of the development of many other branches of management and providing non-raw budget receipts. The analysis of the works of foreign and domestic scientists makes it possible to talk about the integrated mechanism of the role and influence of tourism on the development of the economy at all levels of the economic system and, in general, the national economy of the country. Its essence is as follows: the gradual increase in the socio-economic standard of living of the country's population increases its needs for rest and leisure, which increases domestic and outbound tourist flows. The coefficient of determination R² = 0.0191 showed that 1.91% of the variation of the "declared amount of investment projects, applications" is due to the variation in the sign "the number of tourists who visited the Republic of Crimea", and 98.09% of the variation is already associated with the impact of other factors not taken into account. Conclusions and Relevance: the spread of tourism is becoming a stimulating factor for the development of the tourism services sector: the tourism industry is growing in the budget, the number of employees in the tourism sector is growing. Increased investment in the tourism sector leads to the creation of tourist facilities and the development of tourism infrastructure, increases the attractiveness of the national sector of tourism services. This stimulates the growth of domestic and incoming tourist flows and ensures an increase in the country's socio-economic development. The social and economic growth of the sector as a whole is promoted by institutional support, developed state regulatory and legal regulation in the sphere of tourism, interaction of public-private partnerships, staffing, diversification of tourism products through the development of various types of tourism, thereby eliminating the reason for the seasonality of tourism enterprises and increasing income.

The article provides a statistical and economic analysis of the development of the Italian tourism industry in the context of the formation of its national brand and identifies the role of the gastronomic segment as a factor in increasing the country’s brand attractiveness. Based on official statistical data, the dynamics of tourist flows in Italy in the period 2018–2024, the volume of spending on international tourism, as well as quantitative indicators of the country’s attendance by major donor markets in 2024 are considered. The tourism industry in Italy continues to develop every year, and tourism indicators are constantly increasing. Every year, the country is visited by more and more foreign tourists who are interested in getting to know the country. It is tourists who form modern statistical indicators with which you can analyze changes in the industry. The impact of the tourism sector on the formation of Italy’s gross domestic product in 2019–2024 was analyzed, as well as the change in the tourism industry development index (TTDI) for 2019, 2021 and 2024. The tourism sector in Italy plays an important role in the formation of the gross domestic product indicator, which is reflected in the general state of the country’s economy. According to the data, the Travel &amp; Tourism Development Index (TTDI) for Italy demonstrates certain dynamics, due to fluctuations in the component indicators that form the overall index. Particular attention is paid to the study of gastronomic tourism as a promising direction for the development of the tourism sector. Growth trends and a forecast for the value of the Italian gastronomic tourism market for 2020–2027 (in billion US dollars) were determined. In the context of ensuring the quality of gastronomic products, the dynamics of the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) of Italy in 2018–2022 were analyzed and the country’s positions were compared with the leading countries of the world in the food security rating in 2022. Additionally, the dynamics of the number of establishments awarded Michelin stars in 2018–2024 were considered, which reflects the level of development of the gastronomic industry and its contribution to strengthening the image of Italy as a world center of culinary culture. The results obtained make it possible to comprehensively assess the relationship between the development of the tourism industry, the gastronomic segment and the formation of the country’s national brand, as well as to outline potential areas for further strengthening Italy’s competitiveness in the global tourism market.

The shocks caused by the Covid-19 pandemic had a major impact on the tourism sector and the economy. Yogyakarta is one of the main destinations for domestic and international tourism in Indonesia. Unfortunately, the tourism sector in Yogyakarta is also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the tourism sector and recovery strategies during and after the Covid-19 pandemic in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research was compiled using a descriptive qualitative methodology, data collection was carried out by studying literature and interviews with resource persons. The results showed that the growth of tourists during the pandemic period was negative, as well as the growth rate of hotel occupancy was also negative. The tourism industry perpetrators suffered huge losses and many workers were sent home without being paid until they were terminated. The recovery of the tourism sector requires a long stageand will be carried out in stages. The first phase has been started in june 2020 and is expected to move towards a new normal in 2022. Several action plans are drawn up for the recovery process. The action plan includes developing health protocols, creating digital tourism, a tourism information system, and SMART Tourism. Local governments and tourism industry players in DIY need to build SMART Tourism for sustainable tourism after the Covid-19 pandemic.SMART Tourism is an innovation in the tourism sector by utilizing information technology in integrating tourism activities.