Abstract
The article reveals the mechanisms of transformation of the counter-terrorism policy in Spain after the tragic events of March 11, 2004 (11-М). Based on the analysis of national regulations, global ratings, reporting documents of the largest Western think tanks, specialized counter-terrorism agencies, materials from foreign and domestic media, the author concludes that there is a shift in the focus of the authorities’ attention from internal ethno-separatism and related threats to the challenges of international terrorism in its Islamist version. Also, a number of the most acute challenges to the security of the population are highlighted, first of all – the joining of Spanish citizens to terrorist groups in the Middle East. The assessment of the threats emanating from the Basque and Catalan separatism is given. It is indicated that Spain, in which not a single terrorist attack has occurred in recent years, quite skillfully copes with the task of countering terrorism, adapting the experience of combating ETA to the challenges of the new time, but the «zone of risk» remains the space of linking radicalization leading to terrorism with unsettled migration, the weakness of the integration practices of immigrants of different cultural backgrounds and the indirect impact of the consequences of regional conflicts, resulting in the emergence of failed and fake states, posing new security threats.
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