일본 煎茶道 성립배경에 나타나는 문화적 현상

Abstract

Chanoyu (茶の湯) and Senchadō (煎茶道) are the two pillars of Japanese tea culture and the foundations of traditional Japanese mentality and the way of life. These are Japanese traditional cultures, but also still being practiced as living cultures. Chanoyu and Senchadō have inseparable relations, since Chanoyu provided the background and eventually triggered the birth of Senchadō.
 During Edo period, many cities were flourished and wealthy Chōnin (町人, townsman ) class emerged in the cities. Chōnins had changed the original Chanoyu practices, which focused upon truth seeking and asceticism. Chanoyu had become a symbol of escalated social status of wealthy Chōnins, and Yuugei (遊藝), the way of enjoying tea as leisure, stemmed from Chanoyu.
 Chanoyu created Iemoto (家元,“Grand Master”) system and a new custom of paying the Iemotos in order to learn the way of enjoying tea from them. And a newly created custom call Hakogaki (箱書), the inscriptions written on tea cups by Iemotos to certify their value, was criticized for being too commercialized. The leaders of the tea circle started to pursue economic gains, and a growing number of people enjoyed only the formality of the tea culture. Chanoyu as a kind of leisure raised many concerned voices in and outside of the tea circle.
 Senchadō was born as an alternative of the deformed Chanoyu. Senchadō is the way of enjoying leaf tea instead of powdered green tea, which was established in the mid Edo period. Ōbaku-shū (黄檗宗), a sect of Chinese Buddhism, and elegant manners of the literary circle of Ming and Qing dynasties affected the spirit and formality of Senchadō.