Abstract
One of very demanded and actively developed areas of modern biomedicine is tissue engineering, investigating synthesis and reparation of various kinds of tissues, including trauma treatment. Normally cells in tissue grow in the microenvironment provided by exttacellular matrix – a three-dimensional network of macromolecules, mostly peptides and proteins, that provide structural and biochemical support. To substitute this matrix in medical applications and promote new cells growth and repair damaged tissue, various types of artificial scaffolds are proposed. Morphology, as well as physical and chemical properties of scaffolds influence the fate of cells, including attachment, proliferation and differentiation, and strongly correlate with the type of target tissue. This review is aimed to provide a short insight in materials and technologies for synthesis of tissue engineering scaffolds, with focus on polymeric electrospun nonwoven materials and ones with conductive structures that can be potentially used to direct electrical signals to cells for the aims of electrostimulation, which was demonstrated to induce functional repairmen of certain cell types such as myocytes and neurons.
Highlights
Tissue engineering is currently a field of research that attracts a huge interest worldwide
Morphology, as well as physical and chemical properties of scaffolds influence the fate of cells, including attachment, proliferation and differentiation, and strongly correlate with the type of target tissue
This review is aimed to provide a short insight in materials and technologies for synthesis of tissue engineering scaffolds, with focus on polymeric electrospun nonwoven materials and ones with conductive structures that can be potentially used to direct electrical signals to cells for the aims of electrostimulation, which was demonstrated to induce functional repairmen of certain cell types such as myocytes and neurons
Summary
Tissue engineering is currently a field of research that attracts a huge interest worldwide. It is quite expensive and holds a huge contamination risks upon transfer of tissues Another way is in situ regeneration, aimed to (re)create tissues and organs in a living organism, which attracts yet growing interest for the ability to effectively control the microenvironment and localize cells to particular sites [2, 3]. This requires the presence of porous media – scaffolds – which can be accreted by tissue yet providing a good trophism. We aim to present a short review of recently proposed designs of polymeric scaffolds based on nonwoven fibrous materials, including ones capable of transmitting electrical impulses that can be used for functional rehabilitation of electrosensitive tissues to overcome limitations of current treatments methods
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