РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ АЭРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ЗЕРНОВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Abstract

The aerodynamic properties of the components of the grain pile during its post-harvest processing are one of the most important parameters affecting the quality of the resulting grain and seeds. Existing devices are considered that allow establishing the speed of soaring of grain materials, their shortcomings and limitations are noted. A sail pneumatic classifier has been developed that provides smooth adjustment of the air flow rate and high accuracy of its measurement. Experimental studies have been carried out to establish polygons for the distribution of soaring speeds for a number of grain materials using the developed classifier. It has been established that the ranges of soaring speeds for different crops differ significantly. The soaring speed ranges for wheat and bindweed buckwheat do not intersect, which allows them to be completely separated using an air flow at a speed of 5.91-8 m/s. The soaring speed of sorghum (8.37-10.02 m/s) is completely covered by the range of this indicator for wheat, so it is not possible to separate them using aspiration systems. The ranges of critical rates of millet, vetch and wheat partially intersect, which indicates the impossibility of complete separation of these impurity components without loss of grain of the main crop. At an air flow rate of 9 m/s, 96.9% of the impurity component will be released from the wheat-millet grain mixture with technological losses of the main crop at the level of 4%. Even with a slight increase in the air flow rate, a significant increase in wheat losses is inevitable. Vetch can be completely separated from wheat at an air speed of 11 m/s with a loss of 1.8% of wheat. The results of the performed studies are necessary to improve the efficiency of the use of pneumatic separating equipment through the use of reasonable rational operating modes.