Формування собівартості продукції в сільськогосподарських підприємствах

Abstract

Formation of product cost at agricultural enterprises is one of the main questions in the process of their economic activity. As an economic category, product cost is the total amount of expenses of an enterprise on production and sales of their products. The agricultural product cost comprises payroll expenses and benefits-related deductions; material costs including seeds and planting materials, fodders, mineral fertilizers, fuel and lubricants, electricity cost, fuel and energy, spare parts, repair costs and construction materials for repairs, payment for services and works provided by external parties and other material costs; depreciation and other expenses including renting fees for land parcels (shares), property shares and other expenditures. All specified expenses form the resources of enterprises expressed in value terms. Based on statistical data, manufacturing product cost (works, services) of agricultural products at agricultural enterprises in Ukraine is analyzed. This analysis allowed identifying trends in the change of total expenses indicator and in the context of expenditure items. It is established that in 2017, if compared with 2013, the amount of expenses at agricultural enterprises in Ukraine increased by 6.5 times. In particular, material costs account for the biggest share in the expenditure pattern; in 2017 they amounted to 59.8%. It is emphasized that while calculating the product cost of manufactured and sold products, it is important to specify the composition of expenditures, to identify expenditures in accordance with the type of activity in order to define financial results of economic activity, which is the aim of all business entities. Furthermore, finished product cost (works, services) and the composition of expenditures that it includes are specified in the Accounting Regulations 9. In paragraph 10 of the Accounting Regulations 9 it is stated that production cost is defined according to the norms of the Accounting Regulations 16. The formation of product cost at agricultural enterprises requires the search for the reserves to reduce production cost, which consists in using energy- and resource-saving technologies, using advanced equipment, IT-technologies, etc.&nbsp