Abstract

إن صلاة الجمعة فرضها الله على عباده، وهي عيد الأسبوع ، وقد حذر الشارع على من ترکها تهاونا ، وکسلا بالطمس على قلبه، وأن يکتب من الغافلين ، وقد اشترط العلماء لها شروطا کي تجب على المکلف ولکي تصح منه، ومن ذلک اشتراط الاستيطان، ومع أنه بحث في کتب المتقدمين إلا أن بينه وبين غيره من المسائل تداخل، وقد جاء هذا البحث خاصا، فيها وفي تطبيقاتها، ولم أتعرض للشروط الملازمة للاستيطان کالعدد والقرية ولا بمن تجب عليهم إذا قرب أو من سمع النداء والتي قد تتداخل مع بحثنا نسأل الله التوفيق والسداد وأن يلهمنا الصواب ، وقد اشترط العلماء لها شروطا کي تجب على المکلف ولکي تصح منه، وقد جاء هذا البحث ليبين ما هو الاستيطان؟ وهل الاستيطان شرط وجوب الجمعة أو شرط لصحتها؟ وهل تصح صلاة الجمعة من غير المستوطنين؟ وما التطبيقات المعاصرة التي تنطبق على الاستيطان؟ وقد خلص البحث إلى أن القول الاستيطان هو الإقامة بنية التأبيد بما جرت العادة بالسکن فيه، والمذاهب الأربعة أجمعت على شرط الاستيطان خلافا للظاهرية، والذين يخرجون مسافة قصر من بلدهم کالمراکز الحدودية والنزهات البرية والذين في السفن والبواخر ولو طالت مدهم ليس عليهم جمعة لأنهم ليسوا مستوطنين الکلمات الافتتاحية للبحث: الاستيطان، المصر، المدينة، الجمعة، شرط الصحة. The Condition of Residency in the Obligation of Jumu‛ah (Friday) Prayer and its Applications By: Dr. Badr Nassir Mishri‛ Assubi‛i A Professor at the Islamic Studies Department, Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs, State of Kuwait badrnasir222@gmail.com Abstract Jumu‛ah prayer is a religious obligation commanded by Allah. It is the weekly congregation of the Muslims. Those who neglect or ignore it are warned against having their hearts sealed off and their being regarded as heedless. Scholars have stipulated certain conditions for the prayer to be obligatory and valid for a mukallaf (a religiously accountable person), one of which is the condition of residency. Even though the condition has been covered in earlier books, it still overlaps with other issues. This study discusses the condition of residency exclusively, as well as its applications. It does not address the conditions required for residency, such as the number of days spent in travelling, or conditions about the home town, nor whom the prayer is incumbent upon when the ᾿adzān (call for prayer) is heard clearly from the neighboring mosque. Otherwise, such issues could entangle the main focus of the paper. (May Allah guide our way to success.) Rather, the paper elucidates what is meant by residency, whether or not it is a condition for the prayer to be obligatory or valid, and whether the prayer will be valid from non-residents. It also shows modern applications of the concept of residency. The research concludes that residency means settling with the intention of staying indefinitely. The four schools of fiqh unanimously agree on the condition of residency as opposed to the Zhāhiri school which excludes those who travel beyond the Qaṣr[1] distance from their home towns, such as border centers, land excursions, travelers by ships, etc. Even when it takes them long to stay away from home, Jumu‛ah prayer is not obligatory upon them because they would not then be local residents. Key words: residency – country – city – Jumu‛ah prayer– validity condition [1] The minimum distance that allows for a shortening of the four-unit prayers into two as one travels away from home. (Translator's note)

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