Сутнісні детермінанти, принципи та класифікація туризму

Abstract

Abstract. The article describes the topic of classification of tourism. In fact, tourism is a complex system that covers the processes, connections. According to M. Malska, tourism is a type of recreation associated with going outside the place of residence. On the other hand, the concept of tourism is derived from the French "tour" (walk, trip) and is a leisure trip, one of the types of active recreation, according to World Tourism Organization (WTO) definition [1]. The main functions are economic, humanitarian, ecological and social. Tourism can be classified according to various criteria. Forms of tourism are determined by quantitative parameters. According to experts, now more than 50 % of all travel in the world is by individual transport. Western Europe, according to the popularity rating, is still ranked first by rail – 38 % of travel, followed by sea and river cruises – 30 %, followed by air transport – 22 % and 10 % - buses and cars. The most massive is the world market of recreational tourism, which covers more than 70 % of total revenues in the world and is characterized by a progressive pace of development and stability of tourist demand. Thus, in Western Europe it is 68 % of the tourism market, America – 76 %, South Asia – 73 %, Africa – 30 %. According to WTO statistics, sales of business tourism services are divided as follows: 70 % of sales are individual business tours; 13 % - conferences and seminars; 11 % - visiting and participating in exhibitions, fairs; 3 % - congress and incentive tourism [5, p. 67-74]. Ecological tourism is a type of rapidly developing tourism. According to WTO estimates, its share in world tourism is 2-4 %, but the annual growth rate reaches 30 %. In conclusion, the results of the review of classification in tourism, which accorded to WTO statistics. Year by year, tourism is growing incredibly fast, updating the data will include more specialists of the world, which will lead to development of the sphere. Nonetheless, there are a number of aspects that need to be considered and studied, which determines the prospects for further research. Key words: functions, forms of tourism, tour, travel, benefits, route, criterion, incentive, load, tourism product, parameters.