Abstract
Fischer-Tropsch 합성용 Co/<TEX>$Al_2O_3$</TEX> 촉매에서 알루미나 지지체에 인산 용액으로 알루미나 표면을 개질하여 촉매적 활성은 물론이고, 기계적 강도와 수열 안정성을 개선하였다. FT-IR과 같은 촉매 표면 분석법을 통하여 P 첨가로 알루미나 표면에 <TEX>$AlPO_4$</TEX> 상이 생성되어 촉매인 코발트와 지지체인 알루미나 사이의 상호작용이 약화되어 촉매의 환원도가 높아졌음을 보였다. 이에 따른 촉매성능을 평가하기 위하여 <TEX>$C_{5+}$</TEX> productivity와 turnover frequency를 계산하였다. 또한, 2 wt.% P 첨가 알루미나를 대상으로 지지체의 소성온도가 촉매활성에 미치는 영향도 살펴보았다. 한편, 고온 가압 하에서 물을 이용하여 P 첨가 알루미나(P-알루미나)를 지지체로 한 촉매의 수열 특성을 살펴보았으며, 실험 전후의 XRD 패턴을 분석함으로써 P 첨가 알루미나 기반 촉매가 수열 안정성이 우수하다는 것을 증명하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 촉매의 기계적 강도를 측정하기 위하여 유동화 반응기를 직접 제작하여 P-알루미나 기반 촉매의 P 함량이 증가할수록 마모도가 감소함을 확인하였다. 촉매 활성, 수열 안정성, 그리고 기계적 강도를 모두 고려하면, 알루미나에 첨가된 P의 함량이 1~2 wt.% 이고, 지지체를 <TEX>$500^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 소성하여 제조한 촉매가 가장 좋은 성능을 보였다. Phosphorus was incorporated into Co/<TEX>$Al_2O_3$</TEX> catalyst for FTS by impregnating an acidic precursor, phosphoric acid, in <TEX>${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$</TEX> support to improve the mechanical strength, the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst particle, and the catalytic performance as well. Surface characterization techniques such as FT-IR revealed that <TEX>$AlPO_4$</TEX> phase was generated on the surface of the P-modified catalyst. The addition of phosphorus was found to alleviate the interaction between cobalt and alumina surface, and to increase reducibility of catalyst. The catalytic activity such as <TEX>$C_{5+}$</TEX> productivity and turnover frequency (TOF) was calculated to evaluate catalytic performance. The influence of calcination temperature of the <TEX>$Al_2O_3$</TEX> containing 2 wt.% P on the catalytic performance was also investigated. Through hydrothermal stability test and XRD analysis, the P-modified catalyst had strong resistant to the pressurized and hot <TEX>$H_2O$</TEX>. The mechanical strength of the P-modified catalyst was also examined through an in-house fluidized-bed vessel, and it was found that the catalyst fragmentation could be successfully suppressed with P. Taken as a whole, the best performance was shown to be at 1~2 wt.% P in alumina and at the calcination temperature of <TEX>$500^{\circ}C$</TEX>.
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