Особливості поведінки і розмноження сніжниці жовтодзьобої (Chionis alba Gmelin, 1789) в акваторії архіпелагу Аргентинські острови і прилеглих територій (Земля Грейама, Антарктичний півострів)

It is assumed that the combined effect of an effective probiotic and feed bentonites will enhance their positive effect on the growth, development, immunity of poultry, the quality of products, economic results of production. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the probiotic Vetkor and trace elements contained in bentonites in the compound feed of broiler chickens. Scientific and economic experiment has been carried out in the company “Uksyansky broiler” on broiler chickens cross “Smena-4”, which have been distributed in 3 groups on the principle of analogues. For each group 50 heads have been selected one day-old chickens. The conditions for rearing and housing the chickens were the same. The joint use of bentonite and probiotic in rearing and fattening broiler chickens have been studied. At the beginning of rearing the weight of chickens in all groups was almost the same and averaged 39,6 g. However, with increasing age of chickens not only their live weight increased, but also the difference between groups for this indicator. So, at the age of 7 days the chickens of the 1st experimental group had live weight higher than the control ones by 1,86 %, and the chickens of the 2nd experimental group by 2,00 %. The live weight of the broiler chickens of the control group at the end of rearing (age 42 days) was less than the live weight of the 1st broiler chickens of the experimental group by 101,14 g or 5,23 % (P < 0,05), and the 2nd experimental group by 132,14 g or 6,83 % (P < 0,01). The total and average daily increase in live weight of chickens of the 1st experimental group was greater by 5,34 % (P < 0,05), and the 2nd experimental group by 6,96 % (P < 0,05) than in the control group. Broiler chickens that consumed the probiotic Vetkor in the compound feed had higher growth energy than in the control. Against this background the best growth has been observed in broiler chickens of the 2nd experimental group who consumed compound feed with the addition of Vetkor and 3 % bentonite. It has been experimentally justified the use of probiotic and bentonite in the industrial production of meat of broiler chickens, it has been established a positive effect of probiotics and bentonite on the growth and development of broiler chickens, the quality of the resulting products.

One of the concepts of saving the environment is using waste as a basic material for making a product. An example of waste that can be used as raw material is tofu dregs which have chemical properties that are dominated by protein so that they can be processed into products that function as a source of protein. Another example is bran and sago dregs which still contain macro nutrients that are useful as nutritional intake for livestock. The nutritional content contained in tofu dregs, sago and bran has the potential to be developed as animal feed, especially poultry feed. The results of the research conducted revealed that fermented sago waste can be used as feed for poultry. stated that there was an increase in body weight of broiler chickens that were fed fermented tofu dregs with probiotic inoculum in the ration. The research results show that the nutritional content of tofu dregs is: 8.66% protein; fat 3.79%; 51.63% water and 1.21% ash so it has great potential to be processed into animal feed. The method used in this research is quantitative with an experimental approach which aims to determine the process of making animal feed from organic waste, analyze the quality of the feed, and analyze the effect of feeding on the increase in body weight of broiler chickens. Research results: From the results of the research, there is a nutritional content, namely calcium 15.10%, carbohydrates 6.76% and protein 15.3%. The increase in body weight in boiler chickens is that from the first week the average weight is 21-29 grams after being fed for 8 weeks, there is an increase in weight. namely 1.87gr. Keywords: Sago Waste, Tofu Waste, Animal Feed.

The region of the Ukrainian Antarctic geodetic and topographic surveys is the transition zone, which includes the Antarctic Peninsula with ice streams; large longitudinal fractures known as the Grandidier, Penola and Bransfield straits, separating the island part of the wide shelf from the Peninsula; small archipelagos appear as a result of the ancient ice shelf movement overlapping tectonic processes; and the open sea of the Pacific Ocean’s south-eastern margin. Such physiographic diversity of the region causes a necessity to use different geodetic research methods. The Ukrainian Vernadsky Station (former British Faraday Station) is located at the middle part of the region on the Galindez Island of the Argentine archipelago. Following investigations in this area were carried out under the auspices of the Ukrainian Antarctic Centre within the Ukrainian Antarctic Research State Program for the SCAR GIANT (Geodetic Infrastructure of Antarctic), ANTEC (Neotectonics of Antarctic) and IBCSO (International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean) Projects: Several days duration seasonal GPS observations at the “SCAR GPS 2002” site on Galindez Island; Repeated GPS observations on the British triangulation markers and extension of the geodetic network on the islands; Large-scale mapping of islands’ topography and terrestrial photogrammetry survey of the island ice cliffs; Echosounding of the Argentine archipelago’s seabed in unsurveyed shallow water; Mapping of the Flask Glacier ice stream of the Antarctic Peninsula using ERS Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry data; Geoid determination of the Bellingshausen Sea based on altimeter data for geological purposes.

A total of 115 hilly chickens (92 female and 23 males) and 35 naked neck hilly Chickens (28 females and 7 males) were reared in open sided poultry house for 10 months period to compare their productive and reproductive performances. The mean body weights of adult female and male hilly birds and naked neck hilly birds were 2244, 2005 and 2664, 2576 g respectively. The age at first egg of both type of birds were 147 and 159 days respectively and hen-day egg production were 27±1.4 and 35±3.3 respectively. The average egg weight was 41±4 and 38±3.6 g respectively. Both type of bird per day average feed consumption were 97.61±11 and 102±22 g and mortality were 15.56±3.7 and 11.42±2.7 percent respectively. The average hatchability percentage performed by 14 broody hens reared on litter floor was 67.5±10 and 57±22 percent respectively. The average hatching egg weight and chick weight were 47.28±3, 41.48±1 and 31.4±3, 29.6±4 g respectively. The body weight of growing hilly bird and Naked Neck hilly bird after eleven weeks of age were 727.3±17.4 and 645±97.6g, respectively and Feed conversion ratios (FCR) were 3.39 and 3.34 respectively. It was concluded that Hilly chicken improved by body weight than previous year and both feathered and Naked Neck Hilly chicken given an indication of meat type native chicken and required to reproduce to have large stock for undertaking conservation and further improvement programme.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 348-351

Galindez Island (65° 15′ S, 64° 15′ W) is one of the Argentine Islands located in the West Antarctic Peninsula, 5-6 km away from the main continent. It has a total surface area of 0.8 km2 and an annual temperature range of 9–13°С. There are not many studies providing information about lichenized fungi on Galindez Island. This study aimed to DNA barcode some lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from Galindez Island (Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica). Lichenized fungi were collected from Galindez Island during the 2016-2017 Austral Summer. Stereo and light microscopes were used for the identification of lichen samples. After being anatomically and morphologically identified, DNA barcoding was carried out using the nrITS gene. As a result of the study, DNA barcoding of the following samples was successfully carried out: Lecanora intricata (Ach.) Ach., Mastodia tessellata (Hook. f. & Harv.) Hook. f. & Harv., Raesaenenia usneae (C.W. Dodge) Etayo & Pino-Bodas, Rhizocarpon grande (Flörke ex Flot.) Arnold, Umbilicaria umbilicarioides (Stein) Krog & Swinscow.

Eisenia fetida is one of the species of earthworm that is widely cultivated commercially because the results of its cultivation are related to agriculture and industry. Eisenia fetida earthworm biomass production in the cultivation system applied by the cultivator community is still low. We need innovations in the application of cultivation technology. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the type of nest box, the density of the distribution of earthworms, and the use of multilevel rack cultivation system technology on the biomass production of Eisenia fetida. The research was conducted at the Earthworm Teaching Farm in Mandalika Village, Sandubaya District, Mataram City in January-March 2020. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of three factors, namely: three types of nest boxes, three levels of stocking density, and three levels of cultivation racks. The results showed that the type of nest box had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the percentage increase in biomass weight, but did not affect the percentage increase in the amount of biomass. The stocking density had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the percentage increase in the amount and weight of biomass. The level of cultivation rack did not affect the percentage of the number and weight of Eisenia fetida. The conclusion was that the average percentage increase in the highest amount of biomass was 175%/nest box, and the highest percentage increase in biomass weight of 344%/nest box was achieved in a plastic tub nest box with a stocking density of 25 grams of earthworms/nest box on the third tier cultivation rack. The average increase in weight of earthworm Eisenia fetida was 8.6% per day per nest box.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of combinations between 350 mg vitamin E with 120 mg zinc/kg diet, or 0.3mg selenium/kg diet as feed additives on the reproductive performance of female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diet for 144 days. Growth rate, average weight and number of eggs, egg weight, Relative fecundity, hatching percentage, survival rate of the fry and the concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinzing hormone (LH) in the blood serum at the different treatments compared to the control group. The results showed that the increase in the final body weight with vitam. E+Zn and vitamE +Se treatments was 141.80±0.92 and 142.00±1.15 g and body length was 20.60±0.06 and 20.60±0.06 cm compared to the control groups (136.00±0.92g, 20.30±0.05cm, respectively. The results of spawning efficiency showed an increase in average weight of eggs with vitam. E +Zn and vitam. E +Se treatments valued as much as 2.613±0.085 and 2.643±0.018 g and the number of eggs produced 453.33±18.05and 475.67±4.05 egg/female/ spawning compared to the control group (2.043±0.074 g and 365.67±15.81 egg/female/spawning, respectively). The relative fecundity of female’s recorded the highest value (3.20±0.12 and 3.35±0.03 egg/g of body weight) with vitam. E +Zn and vitam. E +Se treatments compared to the control group (2.70±0.12 egg/ g of body weight). On the other hand, the hatching percentage of eggs in treatment fed on supplementation diet with combination (vitam. E+ Zn) was higher (87.13±0.08%) than the other treatments. Fish fed diets supplemented with vitem. E+ Zn recorded the highest value of FSH, unlike the released hormone, which increased its concentration in blood fish in all treatments. The highest rate of increase in the body weight of fish larvae fed with (vitamin E +Zinc), the highest survival rate was with the fish group fed with a dietary supplement of vitam. E+ selenium).That is to say, female Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) feeding on diet combined with vitamin E, selenium and zinc had the positive effect on growth and reproductive performances in spawning season.

1. It is proposed that a general biological pattern exists for chick weight increase with hen age for the various commercial species of poultry and that one general equation can be used for the estimation of chick weight increment. 2. The parameters estimated for this equation are based on (a) chick weights as a percentage of annual mean chick weight, and (b) age, from onset of lay, as a percentage of maximum age of the hen; both serving as common denominators. Hence, if the annual mean chick weight is known for any species, breed or strain, then the increase in chick weight can be predicted for the whole season, or for any particular hen age. 3. For early prediction, first-month chick weight can be used to estimate the annual mean weight and consequently the chick weight curve for the full season. Although such prediction will be somewhat less accurate, it still can be used for general planning. 4. Results indicate that chick weights of various avian species are normally distributed. Therefore, at each point of hen age, the chick weight distribution can be estimated by employing the computerised Burr's (1967) equation. This may be useful for segregating chicks by size, thus improving uniformity and reducing competition within the flock. 5. Computation results show that coefficient of variation (CV) of chick weights, originating from 22 and 62 week dam ages, is increased by up to about 75%. The CV may thus be used as a quality indicator.

Under average tight intensities, 57,800 (sunlight, L), 12,900 (l1), 3900 (12) and 3300 (13) lux, during the fortnight after anthesis, the increase in the average shoot weight (excluding roots) of wheat cultivars, NP 823 and NP 824, varied as 100, 43, 24 and 10, and of cultivars, Ph C 281 and NP720, as 100, 35, 15 and 9; the corresponding increase in weight of ear varied as 100, 59, 45 and 40, in the first group and as 100, 58, 53 and 33, in the second. The increase in ear weight was relatively less affected by low light intensity than increase in shoot weight, probably because the stem‐sugars were utilized in grain‐filling. The stem‐sugars increased only in L and decreased in 11, 12 and 13. The grain number and its weight were also reduced under l1, 12 and l3. Assuming that increase in shoot weight is a measure of photo‐synthetic activity, it is inferred that during the fortnight after anthesis, current photosynthesis determines largely, but not entirely, the rate of growth of grain. After transfer to full sunlight, the grain weights of l1, 12 and 13 plants amounted, at maturity, to 93, 78 and 77 % of the value of L. The actual increase in grain weight was the same in L and l1 and slightly lower in l2, and 13. It is inferred that the same amount of photosynthate was produced in all the four treatments hut was not fully utilized in 12 and 13 because of considerable reduction in grain number. Since the sugar content of the stem in l1, I2 and l3 plants, on the 15th day after anthesis, was half as much as, or even lower than, in L, whereas the increase in grain weight was much less affected, it follows that the level of stem‐sugars does not determine the rate of growth of grain. During the fortnight before maturity, light intensity as low as 2500 lux had little effect on grain development. It is concluded that light intensity equal to that of full sunlight may not be required during the entire course of grain development. Considering that sugars accumulate in the stem during the fortnight after anthesis, and their concentration does not control the subsequent rate of growth of the grain, it is suggested that a more efficient sink (ear) may be the means by which photosynthates can be more effectively utilized and the yield potential raised further.

Local Indonesian chicken from Bangka Belitung is known as Merawang. This chicken has dual purposes as a meat and egg producer. The objective of this study was to determine the repeatability and most probable producing ability (MPPA) of Merawang chicken’s egg weight and one-day-old chick (DOC) weight. 72 pullet Merawang chickens were raised in single bird cages and their egg weight was checked at 36-38 and 56-58 weeks. The DOC was weighed after the eggs were hatched. The rptR package and the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method were utilized to estimate the repeatability. At 36-38 and 56-58 weeks, the average egg weight was 46.435.44 and 52.146.15, respectively. Meanwhile, the average DOC weight at 36-38 and 56-58 weeks were 31.92±4.54 and 35.40±4.36, respectively. The result showed that at 36-38 and 56-58 weeks, the repeatability of egg weight was 0.77±0.05 and 0.69±0.05, whereas the DOC weight was 0.84±0.04 and 0.64±0.07. The average MPPA ranges based on egg and DOC weights were 46.51-52.23 and 31.97-35.52, respectively. The pullets with MPPA above the average were 38.46%-50.72% (egg weight) and 48.94%-56% (DOC weight). The results from this study can be used for selecting the Merawang pullet.

The work presents an analysis of climate variability and glaciological changes of the Antarctic Peninsula and the results of glacier monitoring on Galindez Island and Winter Island (the Argentine Islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula) in 2018—2019. The main objective of research was to determine how the volumes of glaciers changed in 2018—2019 in the course of a complex study. Methods. The material of the Ukrainian seasonal expedition of 2018—2019 was used: terrestrial laser scanning data of 2018, terrestrial digital photography of 2018 and 2019 and an unmanned aerial vehicle survey of 2019. The technique used to determine changes in the volumes of glaciers can significantly improve both the speed and accuracy of the measurements. It included complementary processing of scanning data and digital photography of 2018, and digital photography and aerial survey of 2019. Results. Changes in the volumes of glaciers were 36 000 m3 for the western part of the glacier on Galindez Island, 1 100 m3 for the southern part of the glacier on Galindez Island, and 9 800 m3 for the southern part of the glacier on Winter Island. Conclusions. The results demonstrate significant changes since 2002. This is confirmed quantitatively by independent studies of the West of the peninsula. Monitoring of the dynamics of glacier volumes enables detection of climatic and glaciological changes in the Antarctic region.

The study investigated genetic parameters for egg and chick production recorded over an 8-month breeding season, as well as average egg and chick weight for pair-bred ostrich females. Estimates of h² were moderate for reproduction traits and very high for average egg and chick weight, where all traits were expressed as a trait of the dam. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were positive in sign for all trait combinations. Selection for an increased reproduction rate would thus not lead to an unwanted (downwards) correlated response in average egg or chick weight. Averaged annual breeding values for egg and chick production in breeding females increased at 1.4 and 2.3% per year, respectively. These results indicate that the genetic improvement of ostriches is feasible, provided that obstacles hampering it are overcome.

A total of 225 native Hilly chickens (152 females and 73 males) were reared in colony cages as large, medium and small body size groups for 10 months period to compare their production performances. The mean body weights of adult female and male birds were 2129, 1786 and 1457g; and 2436, 2834 and 2249 g respectively. The age of first egg were 158, 147 and 140 days and hen-day egg production were 44.56 ± 0.5, 46.15 ± 0.5 and 48.84 ± 0.7 percent (P&lt;0.01) respectively. The average egg weight were 43.05 ± 0.1, 42.87 ± 0.1 and 41.79 ± 0.24 (P&lt;0.01). The average per bird per day feed consumption was 105, 107 and 105g (P&lt;0.01) and mortality was 6.2, 5.1 and 11.1 percent respectively. The average hatchability percentage performed by 14 broody hens reared on litter floor was 65.71 and the average hatching egg weight and chick weight was 45.9 and 31.7 g respectively. Broodiness character of hilly chicken rearing in cage system was rarely observed. It may be concluded that locally collected large size Hilly chicken has potentiality to be used as meat type chicken. It may be suggested that hilly chicken can be improved further through new collection of local hilly birds to undertake conservation and improvement programme. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (1), 152-155

Comparison of Embryo Physiological Parameters During Incubation, Chick Quality, and Growth Performance of Three Lines of Broiler Breeders Differing in Genetic Composition and Growth Rate

An experiment with breeder Japanese quails was conducted to determine the effects of different manganese (Mn) sources and levels in diet on the performance, reproductive characteristics and blood constituents during for five-28 day periods. In the experiment, a total of three hundred and sixty quails (female:male ratio, 2:1) at seven weeks of age was fed on diets containing 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mg kg -1 Mn levels from inorganic (MnSO 4 .H 2 O) or organic (Mn-amino acid chelate, Glycinoplex-Mn) source. Ten treatments combination of 2 Mn source and 5 Mn levels in 2X5 factorial arrangement were used with six replicate consisting of 4 female and 2 male quails each. The diets in mash form and water were given as adlibitum and 16 hours ligthting was provided in a day. In the experiment, final body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), livability, hen day egg production (EP), egg weight (EW) and egg mass (EM), feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), chick weights at hatching, fertility, hatchability of eggs set (%), hatchability of fertile eggs (%), embryonic mortalities and glucose, total cholesterol and protein, albumin, BUN, GGT, SGOT, SGPT, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content of blood serum were measured. Dietary Mn source and levels as the main factor did not significantly affect the performance and reproductive traits which was measured in the experiment. Nevertheless the interaction between source and levels of Mn had a significant effect on average EW and chick weights at hatching over the experimental period. Egg weight of quails fed diet with 60 mg kg -1 Mn from inorganic form was higher (P<0.01) than those of quails fed with 0, 180 and 240 mg kg -1 Mn from inorganic and 0, 60, and 240 mg kg -1 Mn from organic form, again chick weights at hatching of quails fed diet with 60 mg kg -1 inorganic Mn, was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with quails fed with all other levels of inorganic and organic Mn. In the experiment, while dietary Mn levels do not significantly affect any blood parameters, the serum glucose level of the quails fed with organic Mn was significantly higher than that of the quails fed with inorganic Mn and also serum phosphorus level of the quails fed with inorganic Mn was higher than that of the quails fed with organic Mn (P<0.01). The interaction between source and levels of Mn significantly affected the total protein, albumin and calcium levels of blood serum (P<0.05). These parameters were found to be higher in quail fed diets containing 60 mg kg -1 Mn in inorganic form than quails with some other diets. These results have shown that addition of 60 mg kg -1 Mn in inorganic form to breeder quail diets (containing 21.56 mg kg -1 Mn, found in analysis) based on corn + soybean meal may be beneficial.