ВОДНЫЙ РЕЖИМ АГРОЧЕРНОЗЕМОВ В ПОСЕВАХ РЫЖИКА ПОСЕВНОГО

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to assess the water regime of agrochernozems of the Kansk forest-steppe when the cultivation of Camelina sativa Crantz into oilseeds. The study was carried out in 2019–2021 on the territory of LLC OPH Solyanskoe, located in the Kansk forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Region. The objects of the study were clay-illuvial typical agrochernozems, medium-thick, heavy loamy granulometric composition of land use LLC OPH Solyanskoye and camelina of the Uzhursky variety. In 2019, camelina was cultivated in a busy pair (pea-oat mixture), in 2020 – in a clean pair. The study was carried out at 4 sample sites from May to September with an interval of 10–12 days. Soil samples are ta-ken in an area of 0–100 cm through a 10 cm head. Weather conditions and the predecessor (occupied and clean fallow) influenced the distribution of moisture in the profile of typical clay-illuvial agrochernozems in the period from sowing to the full ripening of camelina. The reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer during the growing seasons varied from 151 to 68 mm. Dynamic changes in the reserves of productive moisture in camelina crops based on occupied fallow were assessed in a meter-thick layer of agrochernozem as average (Cv = 23–28 %), and in open fallow – as small (Cv = 16–20 %). The evapotranspiration consumption of moisture by Camelina from a meter layer of agrochernozem was estimated at 253–260 mm with its maximum consumption from a 0–50 cm layer of soil. The average moisture consumption for the formation of 1 ton of camelina seeds with a yield of 0.9–1.5 t/ha was 281–173 mm.