ПОВСЯКДЕННЯ ОСВІТЯН УРСР У КОНТЕКСТІ АНТРОПОЛОГІЧНИХ СТУДІЙ

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of the use of anthropological methods in the study of the everyday life of teachers in Soviet Ukraine. The author explains the adaptation of certain techniques of the humanities in the development of the image of a social group. The application of methods of visual anthropology is illustrated. Remarks on the adaptation of ethnographic film methods are made. The article illustrates the problem of “reflexive ethnography” in the use of visual sources in the study of the life of a closed group. The research appeals to the methods of visual anthropology as branch methods that help to study visible forms of culture: gestures, ceremonies, rituals, etc. The close connection between history and anthropology dates back to the middle of the twentieth century – from the time of E. Evans-Pritchard’s scientific experiments. In his lecture “Social Anthropology: Past and Present”, delivered in 1950, he drew attention to the fact that social anthropology was to be considered as a kind of historiography. One of the main requirements of anthropologism is the need to “get used” to the environment whose consciousness is being studied, to grow into the environment, to become part of the team. As the historian Mills Hills noted, this is done in order to reveal as little as possible their differences in locality, worldview. Photography can help in the interpretation of the functioning of a closed group of such phenomena as non-verbal communication, social rituals, ceremonies, no less vividly can be reproduced seemingly spatio-temporal arts such as dance and music. However, in the history of awakening, the most important thing for us to see in the visual source (first of all - photographs) is not so much its artistic value as its role in reproduction as a social artifact. Visual anthropology is based on the idea that a scientist is able not only to "see" the manifestations of culture, but also to study their fixation by audiovisual means. In recent history textbooks, there is a tendency to interpret the visual source as unbiased, objective. It is believed that the decoration of theoretical paragraphs on ambiguous or complex topics with photographic material helps to form a neutral point of view on the problem. In the history of everyday life of the Soviet era, the ideological component of the audiovisual component should be constantly kept in mind. Only random photos from family photo archives tend to be "transparent source". The work was carried out within the framework of the research theme of the Department of Culturology of the Poltava National Pedagogical University named after V.G.Korolenko “Polylogue of the global and regional in the formation of the socio-cultural identity of the individual” (state registration number 0120U103840).