Формирование смысла педагогической деятельности у будущих учителей

Abstract

The effectiveness of any type of professional activity is associated with a clear and scientifically grounded understanding of its meaning. The article proves that the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity should become one of the leading directions of the educational process in a professional pedagogical educational institution. The similar approaches of Russian and foreign scientists to the organization of professional training of future teachers are revealed, which consist in taking into account such components of the meaning of pedagogical activity as value, purpose and motive. The meaning of pedagogical activity is defined as a complex category of professional worldview that integrates the interconnected system of “values-goals-motives-actions”, implemented in the aggregate of interactions of participants in the educational process. Among the main characteristics of the meaning of pedagogical activity, the following are highlighted: determination by the level of professional outlook and practical experience; determination by the sociohistorical context and features of the national education system, in which the personality of the future teacher is formed; dynamism and continuity of development; stability due to professional convictions; interrelation and interdependence of the meaning of life and professional activity of the teacher, as well as the meanings of the participants in the educational process. The results of the study of the opinions of future teachers (first year students and graduates) about the meaning of pedagogical activity are analyzed. The leading role of a professional educational institution in the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity among future teachers is discovered. The methodological experience of the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity among students of a pedagogical college is described. Within the framework of the “multi-technology” approach, methods of various educational technologies that can be combined in the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity are highlighted. The forms and methods of organizing the educational process, the most effective in the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity, are highlighted. These are problematic and heuristic questions and tasks, the solution of pedagogical situations, the discussion pedagogical club, the study of the activities and main ideas of humanist teachers in the course of an educational project and practice at school. It has been established that the content of academic disciplines should include such interrelated components as the meaning of the subject-subject interaction of the participants in the educational process, the meaning of the implementation of the mission of the teacher and the pupil, the meaning of professional self-education and self-development.