СОЗДАНИЕ ПРОСТЫХ И СЛОЖНЫХ АГРОФИТОЦЕНОЗОВ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ТРАВ

Abstract

The paper presents the effect of binary mixtures of perennial grasses on the productivity and quality of forage crops of various species composition. It is known that mixed crops of perennial grasses are able to produce a balanced yield of green mass and hay in terms of their protein productivity. Our research has shown that mixed crops outperformed single-species crops in all indicators of productivity of forage crops. In total, for five years, binary blackhead crops exceeded single-species crops in all productivity indicators. The lowest rates were in blackhead crops – 62.6%. In mixed crops with a blackhead, the germination rates of alfalfa, esparcet and goat were lower than in single-species crops and ranged from 62.2; 64.3; 63.7%. The preservation of plants by the end of the growing season was also slightly lower than in single-species crops, which can be explained by greater competition for light, moisture and nutrients. Thus, the safety of alfalfa amounted to 81.8%, esparcet – 83.6%, goatgrass – 89.7%, blackhead – 74.6%, which is lower than that of legumes in single-species crops. In all the years of use of herbage, binary plants exceeded single species, on average, over 5 years of research, the yield of blackhead was 25.5 t/ha, alfalfa 22.5 t/ha, and esparcet 23.7 t/ha. Among leguminous grasses, the maximum yield was characterized by the agrocenosis of goatgrass of 26.1 t/ha. Mixed crops of blackhead with leguminous grasses were characterized by the collection of vegetative mass on average from 28.5-30.9 t/ha. The maximum values of binary blackhead crops were characterized by crops with a legume component of goatgrass in all years of research. Also, mixed crops showed maximum values of dry matter per unit area and amounted to 33.52 – 36.74 t/ha, respectively. The same pattern was maintained for the yield of feed units, digestible protein and metabolic energy, their maximum was obtained on the variant of blackhead + goat.