Abstract
the article proposes to trace the history of fixation of the lexeme kud ‘swamp’ in the Udmurt language, which was first recorded in the earliest written documents (XVIII century). To present the dynamics of changes in the graphic design and semantics of a word, data from some of the most important lexicographic sources of the XIX–XXI centuries are presented. Objective: to identify the concept kud ‘swamp’ in the monuments of early Udmurt writing; to consider its semantic evolution and etymology. Research materials: written monuments of the XVIII–XIX centuries, lexicographic works on the Udmurt language, as well as data from related and contacting languages. Results and novelty of the research: our work provides for the first time the written history (from the XVIII century to the present day) of the lexeme kud ‘swamp’ in the Udmurt language. The initial fixation of Udmurt words in various kinds of handwritten and printed dictionaries and grammars dates back to the beginning of the emergence of Udmurt writing – 27 Bulletin of Ugric Studies. Vol. 14. № 1 (56). 2024. the XVIII century, while the earliest texts associated with translations of the Gospels and other Holy books appeared only in the middle of the XIX century. The author has made an attempt to consider the Udmurt word kud ‘swamp’ from the point of view of historical lexicography – the change in spelling is traced, the expansion of the semantic content of the lexeme is described. The study revealed that the first fixation of the word was made in 1780 in the handwritten grammar of the Udmurt language, and the graphic design differed slightly from the modern one – only by the presence of a hard sign in the end of the lexeme. An expansion of the semantic meaning of this notion in written sources of modern times has also been discovered. An etymological analysis of the word shows that it belongs to the common Perm vocabulary and has a correspondence in the related Komi-Zyryan language. The results of the chronological description of the word kud ‘swamp’ can be used as material for historical and etymological dictionaries of the Udmurt language.
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