Термальные сульфидные воды Баргузинской долины (Республика Бурятия)

Abstract

Abstract. Relevance. Hydrogen sulfide mineral waters are widely used in spa treatment. The therapeutic effect of exposure to hot water procedures gives positive results in chronic pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, gastroenterology, as well as in other areas of prevention and rehabilitation of human health, where hydrogen sulfide is considered an important therapeutic component. The aim of the work. Investigation of the hydrochemical and microbiological composition of thermal hydrogen sulfide waters of Umkhey, Kuchiger, Alla springs of the Barguzin Valley of the Republic of Buryatia. Materials and methods. The composition of sulfur-containing compounds in sources, which by their composition belong to the nitric thermal siliceous waters of the Baikal hydromineral region, where the accumulation of chemical components is facilitated by an alkaline environment and elevated temperature, has been studied using hydrochemical analysis, mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. The conducted studies have shown that in addition to sulfides and sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates, mineral water contains elemental and polysulfide sulfur, cyclic polynuclear organosulfur compounds and cyclic polysulfides. These compounds can exhibit high balneological activity due to their better permeability through the skin at high temperatures. The composition of the microbial community of water and bottom sediments has been studied, which is represented by various taxonomic groups, where the chemolithotrophic bacteria Thiobacillus, Thermodesulfovibrio, Geobacter and Gallionella are the dominant group. The microbial community in thermal springs is involved in the transformation of chemicals, the formation and consumption of gases, in biogeochemical cycles of sulfur, the formation of the chemical composition and therapeutic factor of waters and sediments. Conclusions. The presence of organic sulfanes simultaneously with elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide suggests that they are active balneological components of thermal hydrogen sulfide mineral waters. The microbial community of water and bottom sediments in thermal springs is involved in the transformation of chemicals and the formation of the chemical composition and therapeutic factor of waters and bottom sediments.